Periodic Condition


	The Periodic Condition node is only available when one of the following is selected as the Formulation in the physics interface Particle Release and Propagation section: Newtonian, Newtonian, first order, Lagrangian, or Hamiltonian.

The can be used to remove particles that make contact with a source boundary and reinsert them at some other boundary, the destination. The boundaries must be planar and cannot be curved. At least two boundaries must be selected.

Boundary Selection


	The software usually automatically identifies the boundaries as either source boundaries or destination boundaries, as indicated in the selection list. This works fine for cases like opposing parallel boundaries. In other cases, right-click Periodic Condition and select Manual Destination Selection to control the destination. By default it contains the selection that COMSOL Multiphysics identifies.

Destination Selection

This section is available for specifying the destination boundaries, if needed, when the option is selected in the context menu for the node. You can only select destination boundaries from the union of all source and destination boundaries.

Type of Periodicity

Select an option from the list: or .

If is selected, the particle velocity at the destination boundary is equal to the velocity at the source boundary.

If the source and destination boundaries are parallel, the components of the particle velocity vector are unchanged. If the source and destination boundaries are not parallel, then the two boundaries are interpreted at the extents of a unit cell exhibiting sector symmetry; thus the velocity vector will be rotated based on the orientation of the destination with respect to the source. This is illustrated in Figure 3-1; the angle between the incident particle velocity v1 and the reinitialized particle velocity v2 is equal to the angle between the source and destination boundaries (shown in red).

Figure 3-1: Transformation of particle velocity in a geometry with sector symmetry.

If is selected, enter values or expressions for the components of the vr (SI unit: m/s). The default is zero. Expressions for the reinitialized particle velocity are evaluated at the source boundary, not the destination; for example, expressions in terms of tangential and normal vector components will use the directions tangent or normal to the source boundary. If the velocity is such that the particle will immediately leave the modeling domain through the destination boundary, the particle will instead disappear, to prevent the particle from being subjected to an arbitrarily large number of successive boundary interactions.

In other words, if a particle were to get stuck in an infinite loop between the source and destination boundaries in a , the particle would instead go through a large but finite number of wall interactions, then disappear if the interaction is still not resolved.

Orientation of Source

To display this section, click the button (

) and select in the dialog box. For information about the section, see Orientation of Source and Destination in the COMSOL Multiphysics Reference Manual.

Orientation of Destination

This section appears if the setting for in the section is changed from the default value, , and is selected in the dialog box. For information about the section, see Orientation of Source and Destination in the COMSOL Multiphysics Reference Manual.