Here, the naming convention used in piezoelectricity theory is assumed: S is the strain,
T is the stress,
E is the electric field, and
D is the electric displacement field. The material parameters
sE,
d, and
εT, correspond to the material compliance, the coupling properties and the permittivity. These quantities are tensors of rank 4, 3, and 2, respectively. The tensors, however, are highly symmetric for physical reasons, and they can be represented as matrices within an abbreviated subscript notation, which is usually more convenient. In the Piezoelectricity interface, the Voigt notation is used, which is a standard in the literature for piezoelectricity but which differs from the defaults in the Solid Mechanics interface.
Equation 2-17 will, using the notation from structural mechanics, then read
Equation 2-17 (or
Equation 2-18) is known as the
strain-charge form of the constitutive relations. The equation can be re-arranged into the
stress-charge form, which relates the material stresses to the electric field:
The material properties, cE,
e, and
εS are related to
sE,
d, and
εT. It is possible to use either form of the constitutive relations. In addition to
Equation 2-17 or
Equation 2-19, the equations of solid mechanics and electrostatics must also be solved within the material.