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ρ is the fluid density.
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Cp is the fluid heat capacity at constant pressure.
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keff is the effective thermal conductivity (a scalar or a tensor if the thermal conductivity is anisotropic).
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q is the conductive heat flux.
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u is the velocity field, either an analytic expression or computed from a Fluid Flow interface. It should be interpreted as the Darcy velocity, that is, the volume flow rate per unit cross sectional area. The average linear velocity (the velocity within the pores) can be calculated as uf = u/(1−θp), where (1−θp) is the fluid’s volume fraction, or equivalently the porosity.
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Q is the heat source (or sink). Add one or several heat sources as separate physics features.
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