/* * lib_charge_rate_optimization.java */ import com.comsol.model.*; import com.comsol.model.util.*; /** Model exported on May 17 2026, 07:47 by COMSOL 6.4.0.422. */ public class lib_charge_rate_optimization { public static Model run() { Model model = ModelUtil.create("Model"); // This example starts from an existing model from the Battery Design Module Application Library. // From the File menu, choose Application Libraries. // In the Application Libraries window, select Battery Design Module > Lithium-Ion Batteries, Performance > lib_base_model_1d in the tree. // Click Open. model.component().create("comp1", true); model.component("comp1").geom().create("geom1", 1); model.component("comp1").mesh().create("mesh1"); model.component("comp1").physics().create("liion", "LithiumIonBatteryMPH", "geom1"); model.study().create("std1"); model.study("std1").create("cdi", "CurrentDistributionInitialization"); model.study("std1").feature("cdi").set("solnum", "auto"); model.study("std1").feature("cdi").set("notsolnum", "auto"); model.study("std1").feature("cdi").set("outputmap", new String[]{}); model.study("std1").feature("cdi").set("ngenAUX", "1"); model.study("std1").feature("cdi").set("goalngenAUX", "1"); model.study("std1").feature("cdi").set("ngenAUX", "1"); model.study("std1").feature("cdi").set("goalngenAUX", "1"); model.study("std1").create("time", "Transient"); model.study("std1").feature("time").set("initialtime", "0"); model.study("std1").feature("time").set("solnum", "auto"); model.study("std1").feature("time").set("notsolnum", "auto"); model.study("std1").feature("time").set("outputmap", new String[]{}); // To import content from file, use: // model.param().loadFile("FILENAME"); model.param().set("epss_neg", "0.6", "Active electrode volume fraction, negative"); model.param().set("epss_pos", "0.6", "Active electrode volume fraction, positive"); model.param().set("epss_binder_neg", "0.1", "Binder volume fraction, negative"); model.param().set("epss_binder_pos", "0.1", "Binder volume fraction, positive"); model.param().set("epsl_neg", "1-epss_neg-epss_binder_neg", "Electrolyte volume fraction, negative"); model.param().set("epsl_sep", "0.4", "Separator volume fraction"); model.param().set("epsl_pos", "1-epss_pos-epss_binder_pos", "Electrolyte volume fraction, positive"); model.param().set("sigmas_neg", "1[S/m]", "Effective electrode conductivity, negative"); model.param().set("sigmas_pos", "1[S/m]", "Effective electrode conductivity, positive"); model.param().set("rp_neg", "6[um]", "Electrode particle radius, negative"); model.param().set("rp_pos", "5[um]", "Electrode particle radius, positive"); model.param().set("cs_max_neg", "31507[mol/m^3]", "Maximum concentration, negative"); model.param().set("cs_max_pos", "49000[mol/m^3]", "Maximum concentration, positive"); model.param().set("i0_ref_neg", "10[A/m^2]", "Exchange current density at 50% lithiation, negative"); model.param().set("i0_ref_pos", "10[A/m^2]", "Exchange current density at 50% lithiation, positive"); model.param().set("L_sep", "20[um]", "Separator thickness"); model.param().set("L_pos", "45[um]", "Positive electrode thickness"); model.param() .set("L_neg", "(1-0.1)*epss_pos*cs_max_pos*L_pos/(0.8*epss_neg*cs_max_neg)", "Negative electrode thickness"); model.param().set("L_ccs", "10[um]", "Thickness of current collectors"); model.param().set("V_cell", "90[%]*(10.5[mm])^2*pi*70[mm]", "Active cell volume"); model.param().set("A_cell", "V_cell/(L_neg+L_sep+L_pos+L_ccs/2)", "Cell area"); model.param().set("soc_init", "0", "Initial SOC"); model.param().set("T", "25[degC]", "Temperature"); model.component("comp1").material().create("mat1", "Common"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def").func().create("an1", "Analytic"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup() .create("ElectrolyteConductivity", "ElectrolyteConductivity", "Electrolyte conductivity"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity").func() .create("an1", "Analytic"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup() .create("SpeciesProperties", "SpeciesProperties", "Species properties"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func().create("an1", "Analytic"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func() .create("int1", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func() .create("int2", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func() .create("int3", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func().create("an2", "Analytic"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func() .create("int4", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func() .create("int5", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func() .create("int6", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup() .create("ElectrolyteSaltConcentration", "ElectrolyteSaltConcentration", "Electrolyte salt concentration"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").label("LiPF6 in 3:7 EC:EMC (Liquid, Li-ion Battery)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def").func("an1").set("funcname", "Dl"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def").func("an1") .set("expr", "1.01e3*exp(1.01*c)*exp(-1.56e3/T)*exp(-4.87e2/T*c)*1e-6"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def").func("an1").set("args", new String[]{"c", "T"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def").func("an1").set("fununit", "cm^2/s"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def").func("an1") .set("argunit", new String[]{"mol/L", "K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def").func("an1") .set("plotaxis", new String[]{"on", "on"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def").func("an1") .set("plotfixedvalue", new String[]{"0", "0"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def").func("an1") .set("plotargs", new String[][]{{"c", "0", "3000"}, {"T", "263.15[K]", "263.15[K]"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def") .set("diffusion", new String[]{"Dl(min(max(c,eps),3[M]),min(max(T,-10[degC]),50[degC]))", "0", "0", "0", "Dl(min(max(c,eps),3[M]),min(max(T,-10[degC]),50[degC]))", "0", "0", "0", "Dl(min(max(c,eps),3[M]),min(max(T,-10[degC]),50[degC]))"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("diffusion", "Johannes Landesfeind and Hubert A. Gasteiger, Temperature and Concentration Dependence of the Ionic Transport Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 166 (14) A3079-A3097 (2019)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def").addInput("concentration"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("def").addInput("temperature"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity").func("an1") .set("funcname", "sigmal"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity").func("an1") .set("expr", "5.21e-1*(1+(T-2.28e2))*c*(1-1.06*sqrt(c)+3.53e-1*(1-3.59e-3*exp(1000/T))*c)/(1+c^4*1.48e-3*(exp(1000/T)))"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity").func("an1") .set("args", new String[]{"c", "T"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity").func("an1") .set("fununit", "mS/cm"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity").func("an1") .set("argunit", new String[]{"mol/L", "K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity").func("an1") .set("plotaxis", new String[]{"on", "on"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity").func("an1") .set("plotfixedvalue", new String[]{"0", "0"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity").func("an1") .set("plotargs", new String[][]{{"c", "0", "5000"}, {"T", "-10[degC]", "50[degC]"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity") .set("sigmal", new String[]{"sigmal(max(c,eps),min(max(T,-10[degC]),50[degC]))", "0", "0", "0", "sigmal(max(c,eps),min(max(T,-10[degC]),50[degC]))", "0", "0", "0", "sigmal(max(c,eps),min(max(T,-10[degC]),50[degC]))"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity") .setPropertyInfo("sigmal", "Johannes Landesfeind and Hubert A. Gasteiger, Temperature and Concentration Dependence of the Ionic Transport Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 166 (14) A3079-A3097 (2019)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity").addInput("concentration"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteConductivity").addInput("temperature"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an1").set("funcname", "TDF"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an1") .set("expr", "p1_TDF(T)*c^2+p2_TDF(T)*c+p3_TDF(T)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an1") .set("args", new String[]{"c", "T"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an1").set("fununit", "1"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an1") .set("argunit", new String[]{"mol/L", "K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an1") .set("plotaxis", new String[]{"on", "on"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an1") .set("plotfixedvalue", new String[]{"0", "0"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an1") .set("plotargs", new String[][]{{"c", "0", "3000"}, {"T", "-10[degC]", "50[degC]"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int1") .set("funcname", "p1_TDF"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int1") .set("table", new String[][]{{"263.15", "2.45e-1"}, {"273.15", "7.23e-1"}, {"283.15", "7.36e-1"}, {"293.15", "6.65e-1"}, {"303.15", "3.7e-1"}, {"313.15", "1.85e-2"}, {"323.15", "-3.92e-2"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int1") .set("fununit", new String[]{"1"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int1") .set("argunit", new String[]{"K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int2") .set("funcname", "p2_TDF"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int2") .set("table", new String[][]{{"263.15", "4.49e-1"}, {"273.15", "9.8e-2"}, {"283.15", "-1.55e-1"}, {"293.15", "-2.57e-1"}, {"303.15", "7.6e-1"}, {"313.15", "1.75"}, {"323.15", "1.76"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int2") .set("fununit", new String[]{"1"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int2") .set("argunit", new String[]{"K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int3") .set("funcname", "p3_TDF"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int3") .set("table", new String[][]{{"263.15", "3.41e-1"}, {"273.15", "5e-1"}, {"283.15", "8.63e-1"}, {"293.15", "1.03"}, {"303.15", "7.17e-1"}, {"313.15", "4.8e-1"}, {"323.15", "6.75e-1"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int3") .set("fununit", new String[]{"1"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int3") .set("argunit", new String[]{"K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an2") .set("funcname", "tplus"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an2") .set("expr", "p1_tplus(T)*c^2+p2_tplus(T)*c+p3_tplus(T)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an2") .set("args", new String[]{"c", "T"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an2").set("fununit", "1"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an2") .set("argunit", new String[]{"mol/L", "K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an2") .set("plotaxis", new String[]{"on", "on"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an2") .set("plotfixedvalue", new String[]{"0", "0"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("an2") .set("plotargs", new String[][]{{"c", "0", "3000"}, {"T", "-10[degC]", "50[degC]"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int4") .set("funcname", "p1_tplus"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int4") .set("table", new String[][]{{"263.15", "4.1e-2"}, {"273.15", "1.04e-1"}, {"283.15", "1.09e-1"}, {"293.15", "1.4e-1"}, {"303.15", "2.97e-2"}, {"313.15", "-1.39e-2"}, {"323.15", "-5.87e-3"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int4") .set("fununit", new String[]{"1"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int4") .set("argunit", new String[]{"K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int5") .set("funcname", "p2_tplus"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int5") .set("table", new String[][]{{"263.15", "-3.63e-1"}, {"273.15", "-3.38e-1"}, {"283.15", "-4.12e-1"}, {"293.15", "-5.74e-1"}, {"303.15", "-2.1e-1"}, {"313.15", "-9.01e-2"}, {"323.15", "-1.3e-1"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int5") .set("fununit", new String[]{"1"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int5") .set("argunit", new String[]{"K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int6") .set("funcname", "p3_tplus"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int6") .set("table", new String[][]{{"263.15", "-9.17e-2"}, {"273.15", "2.13e-1"}, {"283.15", "3.98e-1"}, {"293.15", "5.57e-1"}, {"303.15", "4.92e-1"}, {"313.15", "5.26e-1"}, {"323.15", "6.12e-1"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int6") .set("fununit", new String[]{"1"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").func("int6") .set("argunit", new String[]{"K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties") .set("transpNum", "tplus(min(max(c,eps),3[M]),min(max(T,-10[degC]),50[degC]))"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties") .setPropertyInfo("transpNum", "Johannes Landesfeind and Hubert A. Gasteiger, Temperature and Concentration Dependence of the Ionic Transport Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 166 (14) A3079-A3097 (2019)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties") .set("fcl", "TDF(min(max(c,eps),3[M]),min(max(T,-10[degC]),50[degC]))-1"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties") .setPropertyInfo("fcl", "Johannes Landesfeind and Hubert A. Gasteiger, Temperature and Concentration Dependence of the Ionic Transport Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 166 (14) A3079-A3097 (2019)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").addInput("concentration"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("SpeciesProperties").addInput("temperature"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteSaltConcentration").identifier("cElsalt"); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").propertyGroup("ElectrolyteSaltConcentration") .set("cElsalt", "1200[mol/m^3]"); model.component("comp1").geom("geom1").run(); model.component("comp1").material().create("mat2", "Common"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func().create("int1", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func().create("int2", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func().create("int3", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func().create("int4", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup() .create("ElectrodePotential", "ElectrodePotential", "Equilibrium potential"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup() .create("OperationalSOC", "OperationalSOC", "Operational electrode state of charge"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup().create("ic", "ic", "Intercalation strain"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ic").func().create("int1", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup() .create("EquilibriumConcentration", "EquilibriumConcentration", "Equilibrium concentration"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup() .create("EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput", "EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput", "Equilibrium potential (using degree of conversion as model input)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup() .create("EquilibriumDegreeOfConversion", "EquilibriumDegreeOfConversion", "Equilibrium degree of conversion"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").label("Graphite, LixC6 MCMB (Negative, Li-ion Battery)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int1").set("funcname", "E_int"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int1") .set("table", new String[][]{{"0", "32.47"}, {"0.333", "28.56"}, {"0.5", "58.06"}, {"1", "108.67"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int1").set("fununit", new String[]{"GPa"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int1").set("argunit", new String[]{"1"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int2").set("funcname", "nu_int"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int2") .set("table", new String[][]{{"0", "0.32"}, {"0.333", "0.39"}, {"0.5", "0.34"}, {"1", "0.24"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int2").set("fununit", new String[]{""}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int3").set("funcname", "Eeq"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int3") .set("table", new String[][]{{"0", "2.781186612"}, {"0.01", "1.520893224"}, {"0.02", "0.893922607"}, {"0.03", "0.581284406"}, {"0.04", "0.42452844"}, {"0.05", "0.344895805"}, {"0.06", "0.303146342"}, {"0.07", "0.279578072"}, {"0.08", "0.264093089"}, {"0.09", "0.251347845"}, {"0.1", "0.238588379"}, {"0.11", "0.224803164"}, {"0.12", "0.210294358"}, {"0.13", "0.196408586"}, {"0.14", "0.184624188"}, {"0.15", "0.175188157"}, {"0.16", "0.167373311"}, {"0.17", "0.160452107"}, {"0.18", "0.154025412"}, {"0.19", "0.147948522"}, {"0.2", "0.142214997"}, {"0.21", "0.13688271"}, {"0.22", "0.132033114"}, {"0.23", "0.127747573"}, {"0.24", "0.124091616"}, {"0.25", "0.121103387"}, {"0.26", "0.11878567"}, {"0.27", "0.117102317"}, {"0.28", "0.115980205"}, {"0.29", "0.115317054"}, {"0.3", "0.114993965"}, {"0.31", "0.114890105"}, {"0.32", "0.114886278"}, {"0.33", "0.114884619"}, {"0.34", "0.114873068"}, {"0.35", "0.114824904"}, {"0.36", "0.114644725"}, {"0.37", "0.114372614"}, {"0.38", "0.114017954"}, {"0.39", "0.11359371"}, {"0.4", "0.11311133"}, {"0.41", "0.112575849"}, {"0.42", "0.111980245"}, {"0.43", "0.111297682"}, {"0.44", "0.110470149"}, {"0.45", "0.109393081"}, {"0.46", "0.107900592"}, {"0.47", "0.10576964"}, {"0.48", "0.102783317"}, {"0.49", "0.09889031"}, {"0.5", "0.094391564"}, {"0.51", "0.089921069"}, {"0.52", "0.086112415"}, {"0.53", "0.083265315"}, {"0.54", "0.081326247"}, {"0.55", "0.080074892"}, {"0.56", "0.07928329"}, {"0.57", "0.078778765"}, {"0.58", "0.078447703"}, {"0.59", "0.078220432"}, {"0.6", "0.078055641"}, {"0.61", "0.077929111"}, {"0.62", "0.077826563"}, {"0.63", "0.077739397"}, {"0.64", "0.077662227"}, {"0.65", "0.077591472"}, {"0.66", "0.077524557"}, {"0.67", "0.077459463"}, {"0.68", "0.077394455"}, {"0.69", "0.077327934"}, {"0.7", "0.077258337"}, {"0.71", "0.077184077"}, {"0.72", "0.077103499"}, {"0.73", "0.077014851"}, {"0.74", "0.076916258"}, {"0.75", "0.07680571"}, {"0.76", "0.07668104"}, {"0.77", "0.07653992"}, {"0.78", "0.076379839"}, {"0.79", "0.076198086"}, {"0.8", "0.075991699"}, {"0.81", "0.075757371"}, {"0.82", "0.075491288"}, {"0.83", "0.075188813"}, {"0.84", "0.07484398"}, {"0.85", "0.074448647"}, {"0.86", "0.07399118"}, {"0.87", "0.073454466"}, {"0.88", "0.072812991"}, {"0.89", "0.072028722"}, {"0.9", "0.071045433"}, {"0.91", "0.069780996"}, {"0.92", "0.068116222"}, {"0.93", "0.065874599"}, {"0.94", "0.062770873"}, {"0.95", "0.058253898"}, {"0.96", "0.051075794"}, {"0.97", "0.038790069"}, {"0.98", "0.020172191"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int3").set("extrap", "linear"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int3").set("fununit", new String[]{"V"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int3").set("argunit", new String[]{""}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int3").set("defineinv", true); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int3").set("funcinvname", "Eeq_inv"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int4").set("funcname", "dEeqdT"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int4") .set("table", new String[][]{{"0", "3.0e-4"}, {"0.17", "0"}, {"0.24", "-6e-5"}, {"0.28", "-1.6e-4"}, {"0.5", "-1.6e-4"}, {"0.54", "-9e-5"}, {"0.71", "-9e-5"}, {"0.85", "-1.0e-4"}, {"1.0", "-1.2e-4"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int4").set("fununit", new String[]{"V/K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").func("int4").set("argunit", new String[]{""}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").set("youngsmodulus", ""); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").set("poissonsratio", ""); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").set("youngsmodulus", "E_int(c/csmax)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("youngsmodulus", "Yue Qi et al 2010 J. Electrochem. Soc. 157 A558"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").set("poissonsratio", "nu_int(c/csmax)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("poissonsratio", "Yue Qi et al 2010 J. Electrochem. Soc. 157 A558"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def") .set("electricconductivity", new String[]{"100[S/m]", "0", "0", "0", "100[S/m]", "0", "0", "0", "100[S/m]"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("electricconductivity", "V. Srinivasan, and J. Newman, \u201cDesign and Optimization of a Natural Graphite/Iron Phosphate Lithium Ion Cell,\u201d J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 151, p. 1530, 2004."); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def") .set("diffusion", new String[]{"1.4523e-13*exp(68025.7/8.314*(1/(T_ref/1[K])-1/(T2/1[K])))[m^2/s]", "0", "0", "0", "1.4523e-13*exp(68025.7/8.314*(1/(T_ref/1[K])-1/(T2/1[K])))[m^2/s]", "0", "0", "0", "1.4523e-13*exp(68025.7/8.314*(1/(T_ref/1[K])-1/(T2/1[K])))[m^2/s]"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("diffusion", "K. Kumaresan, G. Sikha, and R. E. White, \u201cThermal Model for a Li-Ion Cell,\u201d J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 155, p. A164, 2008."); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def") .set("thermalconductivity", new String[]{"1[W/(m*K)]", "0", "0", "0", "1[W/(m*K)]", "0", "0", "0", "1[W/(m*K)]"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("thermalconductivity", "S. Chen, C. Wan, and Y. Wang, J. Power Sources, 140, 111 (2005)."); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").set("heatcapacity", "750[J/(kg*K)]"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("heatcapacity", "SI Chemical Data, John Wiley & Sons, 1994"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").set("density", "2300[kg/m^3]"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("density", "SI Chemical Data, John Wiley & Sons, 1994"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").set("csmax", "31507[mol/m^3]"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").descr("csmax", ""); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").set("T_ref", "318[K]"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").descr("T_ref", ""); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").set("T2", "min(393.15,max(T,223.15))"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").descr("T2", ""); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").addInput("temperature"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("def").addInput("concentration"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential").identifier("eeq"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential") .set("Eeq", "def.Eeq(doc)+def.dEeqdT(doc)*(T-298[K])"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential") .setPropertyInfo("Eeq", "D. P Karthikeyan, G. Sikha, and R. E. White, \u201cThermodynamic model development for lithium intercalation electrodes,\u201d J. Power Sources, vol. 185, p. 1398, 2008."); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential").set("dEeqdT", "def.dEeqdT(doc)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential") .setPropertyInfo("dEeqdT", "K. E. Thomas, and J. Newman, \u201cHeats of mixing and of entropy in porous insertion electrodes,\u201d J. Power Sources., vol. 119-121, p. 844, 2003."); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential").set("cEeqref", "def.csmax"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential").set("doc", "c/cEeqref"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential") .descr("doc", "Degree of conversion (state of lithiation)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential").addInput("concentration"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential").addInput("temperature"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("OperationalSOC").identifier("opsoc"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("OperationalSOC").set("socmax", "def.Eeq_inv(E_min)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("OperationalSOC").set("socmin", "def.Eeq_inv(E_max)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("OperationalSOC").set("E_max", "1[V]"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("OperationalSOC").set("E_min", "0.075[V]"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ic").func("int1").set("funcname", "dVOLdSOL"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ic").func("int1") .set("table", new String[][]{{"0", "0"}, {"0.006802721088435382", "0.12500000000000178"}, {"0.06316812439261421", "1.2736486486486491"}, {"0.11175898931000966", "2.523648648648649"}, {"0.17978620019436342", "3.5709459459459474"}, {"0.2400388726919339", "4.449324324324325"}, {"0.2905733722060252", "5.192567567567568"}, {"0.3566569484936831", "5.66554054054054"}, {"0.4188532555879494", "5.969594594594595"}, {"0.48104956268221566", "6.10472972972973"}, {"0.5432458697764819", "6.173648648648647"}, {"0.58600583090379", "6.306081081081081"}, {"0.6112730806608356", "7.726351351351352"}, {"0.6443148688046647", "8.570945945945946"}, {"0.694849368318756", "9.449324324324323"}, {"0.7414965986394557", "10.29391891891892"}, {"0.7764820213799805", "10.902027027027025"}, {"0.8231292517006802", "11.543918918918918"}, {"0.8542274052478133", "12.152027027027026"}, {"0.8833819241982507", "12.827702702702702"}, {"0.9183673469387755", "12.996621621621621"}, {"0.9494655004859086", "13.16554054054054"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ic").func("int1").set("extrap", "linear"); return model; } public static Model run2(Model model) { model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ic").func("int1").set("fununit", new String[]{"%"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ic").func("int1").set("argunit", new String[]{"1"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ic").identifier("is"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ic").set("dvol", "dVOLdSOL(c/def.csmax)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ic") .setPropertyInfo("dvol", "S. Schweidler, L. de Biasi, A. Schiele, P. Hartmann, T. Brezesinski and J. Janek, \"Volume Changes of Graphite Anodes Revisited: A Combined Operando X-Ray Diffraction and In Situ Pressure Analysis Study\", J. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122, 8829\u20138835"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("ic").addInput("concentration"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("EquilibriumConcentration") .set("csEq", "def.csmax*def.Eeq_inv(V)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("EquilibriumConcentration") .addInput("electricpotential"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput") .set("Eeq", "def.Eeq(doc)+def.dEeqdT(doc)*(T-298[K])"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput") .set("dEeqdT", "def.dEeqdT(doc)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput") .addInput("degreeofconversion"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput") .addInput("temperature"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("EquilibriumDegreeOfConversion") .set("docEq", "def.Eeq_inv(V)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").propertyGroup("EquilibriumDegreeOfConversion") .addInput("electricpotential"); model.component("comp1").material().create("mat3", "Common"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").func().create("int1", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup() .create("ElectrodePotential", "ElectrodePotential", "Equilibrium potential"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup() .create("OperationalSOC", "OperationalSOC", "Operational electrode state of charge"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup().create("ic", "ic", "Intercalation strain"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ic").func().create("int1", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup() .create("EquilibriumConcentration", "EquilibriumConcentration", "Equilibrium concentration"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup() .create("EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput", "EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput", "Equilibrium potential (using degree of conversion as model input)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup() .create("EquilibriumDegreeOfConversion", "EquilibriumDegreeOfConversion", "Equilibrium degree of conversion"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup().create("pg1", "def", "Electric conductivity"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func().create("int1", "Interpolation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").label("NMC 111, LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (Positive, Li-ion Battery)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").func("int1").set("funcname", "Eeq"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").func("int1") .set("table", new String[][]{{"0", "4.44"}, {"0.032", "4.34"}, {"0.102", "4.23"}, {"0.187", "4.13"}, {"0.289", "4.025"}, {"0.38", "3.945"}, {"0.543", "3.835"}, {"0.775", "3.71"}, {"0.872", "3.62"}, {"0.925", "3.51"}, {"0.943", "3.42"}, {"0.957", "3.30"}, {"0.966", "3.165"}, {"0.970", "3.02"}, {"0.972", "2.90"}, {"0.975", "2.688"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").func("int1").set("extrap", "linear"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").func("int1").set("fununit", new String[]{"V"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").func("int1").set("argunit", new String[]{""}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").func("int1").set("defineinv", true); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").func("int1").set("funcinvname", "Eeq_inv"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").set("poissonsratio", ""); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").set("youngsmodulus", ""); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").set("thermalconductivity", ""); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").set("thermalexpansioncoefficient", ""); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").set("poissonsratio", "0.25"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("poissonsratio", "Mechanical and physical properties of LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC),\nE Cheng, K. Hong, N. Taylor, H. Choe,\nJ. Wolfenstinec, J. Sakamotoa,\nJournal of the European Ceramic Society 37 (2017) 3213\u20133217"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").set("youngsmodulus", "199[GPa]"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("youngsmodulus", "Mechanical and physical properties of LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC),\nE Cheng, K. Hong, N. Taylor, H. Choe,\nJ. Wolfenstinec, J. Sakamotoa,\nJournal of the European Ceramic Society 37 (2017) 3213\u20133217"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def") .set("thermalconductivity", new String[]{"3.6[W/(m*K)]", "0", "0", "0", "3.6[W/(m*K)]", "0", "0", "0", "3.6[W/(m*K)]"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("thermalconductivity", "Mechanical and physical properties of LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC),\nE Chenga, K. Hong, N. Taylor, H. Choe,\nJ. Wolfenstinec, J. Sakamotoa,\nJournal of the European Ceramic Society 37 (2017) 3213\u20133217"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def") .set("thermalexpansioncoefficient", new String[]{"1.2e-5[1/K]", "0", "0", "0", "1.2e-5[1/K]", "0", "0", "0", "1.2e-5[1/K]"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("thermalexpansioncoefficient", "Mechanical and physical properties of LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC),\nE Chenga, K. Hong, N. Taylor, H. Choe,\nJ. Wolfenstinec, J. Sakamotoa,\nJournal of the European Ceramic Society 37 (2017) 3213\u20133217"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def") .set("diffusion", new String[]{"1e-14[m^2/s]", "0", "0", "0", "1e-14[m^2/s]", "0", "0", "0", "1e-14[m^2/s]"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def") .setPropertyInfo("diffusion", "Jing Ying Ko et al, J. Electrochem. Soc., 166, A2939"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").set("csmax", "49000[mol/m^3]"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("def").descr("csmax", ""); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential").identifier("eeq"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential") .set("Eeq", "def.Eeq(doc)+dEeqdT*(T-298[K])"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential") .setPropertyInfo("Eeq", "W. Zheng, M. Shui, J. Shu, S. Gao, D. Xu, L. Chen, L. Feng and Y. Ren, \" GITT studies on oxide cathode LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 synthesized by citric acid assisted high-energy ball milling\", Bull. Mater. Sci., vol. 36, p. A495, 2013"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential") .set("dEeqdT", "-10[J/mol/K]/F_const"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential") .setPropertyInfo("dEeqdT", "V Viswanathan, D Choi, D Wang, W Xu, S Towne, R Williford, JG Zhang, J Liu and Z Yang \"Effect of entropy change on lithium intercalation in cathodes and anodes on Li-ion battery thermal management\", Journal of Power Sources 195 (2010) 3720-3729"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential").set("cEeqref", "def.csmax"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential") .setPropertyInfo("cEeqref", "W. Zheng, M. Shui, J. Shu, S. Gao, D. Xu, L. Chen, L. Feng and Y. Ren, \" GITT studies on oxide cathode LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 synthesized by citric acid assisted high-energy ball milling\", Bull. Mater. Sci., vol. 36, p. A495, 2013"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential").set("doc", "c/cEeqref"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential") .descr("doc", "Degree of conversion (state of lithiation)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential").addInput("concentration"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ElectrodePotential").addInput("temperature"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("OperationalSOC").identifier("opsoc"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("OperationalSOC").set("socmax", "def.Eeq_inv(E_min)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("OperationalSOC").set("socmin", "def.Eeq_inv(E_max)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("OperationalSOC").set("E_max", "4.4[V]"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("OperationalSOC").set("E_min", "3.3[V]"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ic").func("int1").set("funcname", "dVOLdSOL"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ic").func("int1") .set("table", new String[][]{{"1", "0"}, {"0.9260263416001121", "-0.010256410256411108"}, {"0.8670351688384477", "-0.1948717948717955"}, {"0.8113086731119519", "-0.27692307692307727"}, {"0.7506669468964551", "-0.37948717948718036"}, {"0.6949460557657279", "-0.502564102564103"}, {"0.628563822334314", "-0.5846153846153856"}, {"0.55562421185372", "-0.6666666666666674"}, {"0.501531455793751", "-0.7076923076923083"}, {"0.4441600112091916", "-0.7487179487179496"}, {"0.3851716407454113", "-0.953846153846154"}, {"0.3278338237354632", "-1.241025641025642"}, {"0.2737943113352951", "-1.671794871794872"}, {"0.24269440941572107", "-2.0205128205128213"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ic").func("int1").set("extrap", "linear"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ic").func("int1").set("fununit", new String[]{"%"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ic").func("int1").set("argunit", new String[]{"1"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ic").identifier("is"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ic").set("dvol", "dVOLdSOL(c/def.csmax)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ic") .setPropertyInfo("dvol", "R. Koerver and others, \u201cChemo-mechanical expansion of lithium electrode materials \u2014 on the route to mechanically optimized all-solid-state batteries,\u201d Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 11, pp. 2142\u20132158, 201"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("ic").addInput("concentration"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("EquilibriumConcentration") .set("csEq", "def.csmax*def.Eeq_inv(V)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("EquilibriumConcentration") .addInput("electricpotential"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput") .set("Eeq", "def.Eeq(doc)+dEeqdT*(T-298[K])"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput") .set("dEeqdT", "-10[J/mol/K]/F_const"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput") .addInput("degreeofconversion"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("EquilibriumPotentialWithDOCInput") .addInput("temperature"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("EquilibriumDegreeOfConversion") .set("docEq", "def.Eeq_inv(V)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("EquilibriumDegreeOfConversion") .addInput("electricpotential"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func("int1").set("source", "file"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func("int1").set("importedname", "NMC_333.txt"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func("int1").set("importeddim", "2D"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func("int1") .set("funcnametable", new String[][]{{"log_sigmas", "1"}}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func("int1").set("filecolumns", 3); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func("int1") .set("columnKeys", new String[]{"col1", "col2", "col3"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func("int1") .set("columnType", new String[]{"col1", "arg", "col2", "arg", "col3", "value"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func("int1") .set("funcnames", new String[]{"col1", "int1", "col2", "int1", "col3", "log_sigmas"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func("int1").set("fununit", new String[]{""}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func("int1") .set("argunit", new String[]{"1", "1/K"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").func("int1").set("sourcetype", "model"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1") .set("electricconductivity", new String[]{"10^log_sigmas(x,1000/T)[S/cm]", "0", "0", "0", "10^log_sigmas(x,1000/T)[S/cm]", "0", "0", "0", "10^log_sigmas(x,1000/T)[S/cm]"}); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1") .setPropertyInfo("electricconductivity", "Ruhul Amin and Yet-Ming Chiang 2016 J. Electrochem. Soc. 163 A1512"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").set("x", "min(max(1-c/def.csmax,0),1)"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").descr("x", "Degree of delithiation"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").addInput("temperature"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").propertyGroup("pg1").addInput("concentration"); model.component("comp1").geom("geom1").create("i1", "Interval"); model.component("comp1").geom("geom1").feature("i1").set("specify", "len"); model.component("comp1").geom("geom1").feature("i1").setIndex("len", "L_neg", 0); model.component("comp1").geom("geom1").feature("i1").setIndex("len", "L_sep", 1); model.component("comp1").geom("geom1").feature("i1").setIndex("len", "L_pos", 2); model.component("comp1").geom("geom1").run("i1"); model.component("comp1").geom("geom1").run(); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").selection().set(2); model.component("comp1").selection().create("sel1", "Explicit"); model.component("comp1").selection("sel1").geom(1); model.component("comp1").selection("sel1").label("Separator"); model.component("comp1").selection("sel1").set(2); model.component("comp1").material("mat1").selection().named("sel1"); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").selection().set(1); model.component("comp1").selection().create("sel2", "Explicit"); model.component("comp1").selection("sel2").geom(1); model.component("comp1").selection("sel2").label("Negative Electrode"); model.component("comp1").selection("sel2").set(1); model.component("comp1").material("mat2").selection().named("sel2"); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").selection().set(3); model.component("comp1").selection().create("sel3", "Explicit"); model.component("comp1").selection("sel3").geom(1); model.component("comp1").selection("sel3").label("Positive Electrode"); model.component("comp1").selection("sel3").set(3); model.component("comp1").material("mat3").selection().named("sel3"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").prop("Ac").set("Ac", "A_cell"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").prop("CellSettings").set("CellSOCandInitialChargeInventory", true); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("socicd1").set("SOC_init", "soc_init"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("socicd1").feature("neges1").selection().named("sel2"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("socicd1").feature("poses1").selection().named("sel3"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("sep1").set("epsl", "epsl_sep"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").create("pce1", "PorousElectrode", 1); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce1").label("Porous Electrode - Negative"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce1").selection().named("sel2"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce1").set("ElectrolyteMaterial", "mat1"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce1") .set("sigma", new String[]{"sigmas_neg", "0", "0", "0", "sigmas_neg", "0", "0", "0", "sigmas_neg"}); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce1").set("epss", "epss_neg"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce1").set("epsl", "epsl_neg"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce1").set("ElectricCorrModel", "NoCorr"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce1").feature("pin1").set("rp", "rp_neg"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce1").feature("per1").set("i0_ref", "i0_ref_neg"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature().duplicate("pce2", "pce1"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce2").label("Porous Electrode - Positive"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce2").selection().named("sel3"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce2") .set("sigma", new String[]{"sigmas_pos", "0", "0", "0", "sigmas_pos", "0", "0", "0", "sigmas_pos"}); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce2").set("epss", "epss_pos"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce2").set("epsl", "epsl_pos"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce2").feature("pin1").set("rp", "rp_pos"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce2").feature("per1").set("i0_ref", "i0_ref_pos"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").create("egnd1", "ElectricGround", 0); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("egnd1").selection().set(1); model.component("comp1").selection().create("sel4", "Explicit"); model.component("comp1").selection("sel4").geom(0); model.component("comp1").selection("sel4").label("Negative CC"); model.component("comp1").selection("sel4").set(1); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("egnd1").selection().named("sel4"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").create("lc1", "LoadCycle", 0); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("lc1").selection().set(4); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("lc1").set("LoadType", "Galvanostatic"); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("lc1").set("VoltageProbe", true); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("lc1").create("crate1", "CRate", -1); model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("lc1").feature("crate1").set("setVal", 1); model.common("cminpt").set("modified", new String[][]{{"temperature", "T"}}); model.component("comp1").variable().create("var1"); // To import content from file, use: // model.component("comp1").variable("var1").loadFile("FILENAME"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1") .set("sol_neg", "liion.soc_average_pce1", "Degree of lithiation, negative"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1") .set("sol_pos", "liion.soc_average_pce2", "Degree of lithiation, positive"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1").set("soc_cell", "liion.SOC_cell", "Battery cell state of charge"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1") .set("E_ocp_neg", "mat2.def.Eeq(sol_neg)", "Open-circuit potential in negative electrode"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1") .set("E_ocp_pos", "mat3.def.Eeq(sol_pos)", "Open-circuit potential in positive electrode"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1").set("E_ocv_cell", "E_ocp_pos-E_ocp_neg", "Open-circuit cell voltage"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1").set("E_cell", "liion.lc1.E_app", "Cell voltage"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1") .set("E_pol_tot", "E_cell-E_ocv_cell", "Total battery cell polarization"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1") .set("I_1C", "liion.I_1C_cell/A_cell", "1 h charge/discharge current density"); model.component("comp1").probe("liion_lc1_volt").set("descractive", true); model.component("comp1").probe("liion_lc1_volt").set("descr", "Cell voltage"); model.result().table().create("tbl1", "Table"); model.component("comp1").probe("liion_lc1_volt").set("table", "tbl1"); model.result().table("tbl1").label("Cell Voltage Probe Data"); model.study("std1").feature("time").set("tunit", "h"); model.study("std1").feature("time").set("tlist", "range(0,0.1,0.9)"); model.study("std1").createAutoSequences("all"); model.component("comp1").probe("liion_lc1_volt").genResult("none"); model.sol("sol1").runAll(); model.result().create("pg2", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg2").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg2").label("Boundary Electrode Potential with Respect to Ground (liion)"); model.result("pg2").set("titletype", "none"); model.result("pg2").set("legendpos", "middleright"); model.result("pg2").create("glob1", "Global"); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("unit", new String[]{""}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.lc1.E_app"}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("descr", new String[]{"Applied voltage"}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("xdatasolnumtype", "level1"); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("legend", true); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("autosolution", false); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("autodescr", true); model.result("pg2").set("legendpos", "middleright"); model.result("pg2").create("glob2", "Global"); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("unit", new String[]{""}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.lc1.I_app"}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("descr", new String[]{"Applied current"}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("xdatasolnumtype", "level1"); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("legend", true); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("autosolution", false); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("autodescr", true); model.result("pg2").set("twoyaxes", true); model.result("pg2").setIndex("plotonsecyaxis", true, 1, 1); model.result().create("pg3", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg3").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg3").set("ylabel", "SOC (1)"); model.result("pg3").set("titletype", "none"); model.result("pg3").set("legendpos", "middleleft"); model.result("pg3").label("Cell and Average Electrode Cell State of Charge (liion)"); model.result("pg3").create("glob1", "Global"); model.result("pg3").feature("glob1").set("unit", new String[]{""}); model.result("pg3").feature("glob1").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.SOC_cell"}); model.result("pg3").feature("glob1").set("descr", new String[]{"Cell state of charge"}); model.result("pg3").feature("glob1").set("xdatasolnumtype", "level1"); model.result("pg3").feature("glob1").set("legend", true); model.result("pg3").feature("glob1").set("autosolution", false); model.result("pg3").feature("glob1").set("autodescr", true); model.result("pg3").create("glob2", "Global"); model.result("pg3").feature("glob2").set("unit", new String[]{"", ""}); model.result("pg3").feature("glob2") .set("expr", new String[]{"liion.soc_average_pce1", "liion.soc_average_pce2"}); model.result("pg3").feature("glob2") .set("descr", new String[]{"Average SOC, Porous Electrode - Negative", "Average SOC, Porous Electrode - Positive"}); model.result("pg3").feature("glob2").set("xdatasolnumtype", "level1"); model.result("pg3").feature("glob2").set("legend", true); model.result("pg3").feature("glob2").set("autosolution", false); model.result("pg3").feature("glob2").set("autodescr", true); model.result("pg3").feature("glob2").set("linestyle", "dashed"); model.result().create("pg4", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg4").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg4").label("Electrode Potential with Respect to Adjacent Reference (liion)"); model.result("pg4").create("lngr1", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.Evsref"}); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", true); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("legendtitle", "Time"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("unit", "min"); model.result("pg4").set("showlegendstitle", true); model.result("pg4").set("showlegendsunit", true); model.result("pg4").set("titletype", "manual"); model.result("pg4").set("title", "Solid lines: Negative electrode, Dashed lines: Positive electrode"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isNegative)"); model.result("pg4").create("lngr2", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.Evsref"}); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isPositive)"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", false); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").set("linestyle", "dashed"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr2").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg4").set("ylabelactive", true); model.result("pg4").set("ylabel", "Negative electrode potential (V)"); model.result("pg4").set("twoyaxes", true); model.result("pg4").setIndex("plotonsecyaxis", true, 1, 1); model.result("pg4").set("yseclabelactive", true); model.result("pg4").set("yseclabel", "Positive electrode potential (V)"); model.result().create("pg5", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg5").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg5").label("Electrolyte Salt Concentration (liion)"); model.result("pg5").set("titletype", "none"); model.result("pg5").create("lngr1", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").set("expr", new String[]{"cl"}); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", true); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("legendtitle", "Time"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("unit", "min"); model.result("pg5").set("showlegendstitle", true); model.result("pg5").set("showlegendsunit", true); model.result().create("pg6", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg6").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg6").label("Volumetric Current Density (liion)"); model.result("pg6").set("titletype", "none"); model.result("pg6").create("lngr1", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.ivtot"}); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", true); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("legendtitle", "Time"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("unit", "min"); model.result("pg6").set("showlegendstitle", true); model.result("pg6").set("showlegendsunit", true); model.result("pg6").set("titletype", "manual"); model.result("pg6").set("title", "Solid lines: Negative electrode, Dashed lines: Positive electrode"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isNegative)"); model.result("pg6").create("lngr2", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.ivtot"}); return model; } public static Model run3(Model model) { model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isPositive)"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", false); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").set("linestyle", "dashed"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg6").set("ylabelactive", true); model.result("pg6").set("ylabel", "Negative electrode volumetric current density (A/m3)"); model.result("pg6").set("twoyaxes", true); model.result("pg6").setIndex("plotonsecyaxis", true, 1, 1); model.result("pg6").set("yseclabelactive", true); model.result("pg6").set("yseclabel", "Positive electrode volumetric current density (A/m3)"); model.result().create("pg7", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg7").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg7").label("Particle Surface State of Charge (liion)"); model.result("pg7").create("lngr1", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.socloc_surface"}); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", true); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("legendtitle", "Time"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("unit", "min"); model.result("pg7").set("showlegendstitle", true); model.result("pg7").set("showlegendsunit", true); model.result("pg7").set("titletype", "manual"); model.result("pg7").set("title", "Solid lines: Negative electrode, Dashed lines: Positive electrode"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr1").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isNegative)"); model.result("pg7").create("lngr2", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.socloc_surface"}); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isPositive)"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", false); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").set("linestyle", "dashed"); model.result("pg7").feature("lngr2").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg7").set("ylabelactive", true); model.result("pg7").set("ylabel", "Particle surface state of charge (1)"); model.result("pg2").run(); model.sol().remove("sol1"); model.sol().remove("sol2"); model.result("pg1").set("window", "window1"); model.result("pg1").run(); model.result().remove("pg1"); model.title("Lithium-Ion Battery Base Model in 1D"); model .description("This is a template base model containing the physics, geometry and mesh of a lithium-ion battery, defined in 1D.\n\nThe model makes use of four lithiation parameters which are used to define the relative balancing of the negative and positive electrodes, as well as global cell state of charge (SOC) variable. In addition, a cell cross-sectional capacity parameter is used to define the electrode thicknesses.\n\nThe base model is used by various tutorials in the Battery Design Module Application library."); model.label("lib_base_model_1d.mph"); // In the Model Builder window, under Global Definitions, click Parameters 1. // In the Settings window for Parameters, locate the Parameters section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.param().set("L_pos", "70[um]"); // In the Home toolbar, click Parameters and choose Add > Parameters. model.param().create("par2"); // In the Settings window for Parameters, type Optimization Parameters in the Label text field. model.param("par2").label("Optimization Parameters"); // Locate the Parameters section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.param("par2").set("end_soc", "0.9"); model.param("par2").descr("end_soc", "State of charge at end of charge"); model.param("par2").set("t_1C", "end_soc[h]"); model.param("par2").descr("t_1C", "Time required to reach end soc in 1 h"); model.param("par2").set("vol_lb", "25[mV]"); model.param("par2").descr("vol_lb", "Lower voltage bound"); model.param("par2").set("maxCycles", "1000[1]"); model.param("par2").descr("maxCycles", "Maximum number of cycles"); model.param("par2").set("maxDegradation", "10[%]"); model.param("par2").descr("maxDegradation", "Maximum degradation"); model.param("par2").set("t", "0[s]"); model.param("par2").descr("t", "Time"); model.param("par2").set("cfunc0", "1"); model.param("par2").descr("cfunc0", "Initial control function"); // Use a Control Function to optimize the nondimensional charging rate. // In the Definitions toolbar, click Control Variables and choose Control Function. model.component("comp1").common().create("cfunc1", "ControlFunction"); // In the Settings window for Control Function, locate the Output section. // In the \[f_\mathrm{max}\] text field, type 4. model.component("comp1").common("cfunc1").set("fmax", "4"); // In the \[c_0\] text field, type 1. model.component("comp1").common("cfunc1").set("c_0", "1"); // Locate the Control Variable Discretization section. // From the Control type list, select Piecewise Bernstein polynomial. model.component("comp1").common("cfunc1").set("controlType", "piecewiseBernsteinPolynomial"); // Locate the Output section. // In the \[c_0\] text field, type cfunc0. model.component("comp1").common("cfunc1").set("c_0", "cfunc0"); // Locate the Units section. // Click Select Input Quantity. // In the Physical Quantity dialog, select General > Dimensionless (1) in the tree. // Click OK. model.component("comp1").common("cfunc1").set("inQuantity", "dimensionless"); // In the Model Builder window, right-click Component 1 (comp1) > Definitions and choose Variables. model.component("comp1").variable().create("var2"); // In the Settings window for Variables, type Variables 2 - Negative Electrode in the Label text field. model.component("comp1").variable("var2").label("Variables 2 - Negative Electrode"); // Locate the Geometric Entity Selection section. // From the Geometric entity level list, select Domain. model.component("comp1").variable("var2").selection().geom("geom1", 1); // From the Selection list, select Negative Electrode. model.component("comp1").variable("var2").selection().named("sel2"); // Locate the Variables section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.component("comp1").variable("var2").set("eta_aging", "phis-phil-vol_lb"); model.component("comp1").variable("var2") .descr("eta_aging", "Overpotential of plating reaction (with added 25 mV margin offset)"); model.component("comp1").variable("var2") .set("i_aging", "if(eta_aging<0,1e4[A/m^3]*(cl[1/M])^0.5*(exp(0.5*eta_aging*F_const/(R_const*T))-exp(-0.5*eta_aging*F_const/(R_const*T))),0)"); model.component("comp1").variable("var2") .descr("i_aging", "Parasitic aging current density to use in constraint variable"); // In the Definitions toolbar, click Probes and choose Domain Probe. model.component("comp1").probe().create("dom1", "Domain"); model.component("comp1").probe("dom1").set("intsurface", true); model.component("comp1").probe("dom1").set("intvolume", true); // In the Settings window for Domain Probe, type total_aging_current in the Variable name text field. model.component("comp1").probe("dom1").set("probename", "total_aging_current"); // Locate the Probe Type section. // From the Type list, select Integral. model.component("comp1").probe("dom1").set("type", "integral"); // Locate the Source Selection section. // From the Selection list, select Negative Electrode. model.component("comp1").probe("dom1").selection().named("sel2"); // Click Replace Expression in the upper-right corner of the Expression section. // From the menu, choose Component 1 (comp1) > Definitions > Variables > i_aging - Parasitic aging current density to use in constraint variable - A/m³. model.component("comp1").probe("dom1").set("expr", "i_aging"); model.component("comp1").probe("dom1") .set("descr", "Parasitic aging current density to use in constraint variable"); // Locate the Expression section. // In the Expression text field, type -i_aging*A_cell. model.component("comp1").probe("dom1").set("expr", "-i_aging*A_cell"); // In the Model Builder window, expand the Study 1 node. // Right-click Component 1 (comp1) > Lithium-Ion Battery (liion) and choose Electrode Phase > Electrode Current. model.component("comp1").physics("liion").create("ec1", "ElectrodeCurrent", 0); // Select Boundary 4. model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("ec1").selection().set(4); // In the Settings window for Electrode Current, locate the Electrode Current section. // From the list, select C-rate multiple. model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("ec1").set("TotalCurrentType", "CrateMultiple"); // In the \[\textrm{C}_\textrm{rate}\] text field, type cfunc1(t*avg_C_rate/t_1C). model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("ec1").set("Crate", "cfunc1(t*avg_C_rate/t_1C)"); // Using cfunc1(t*avg_C_rate/t_1C) instead of cfunc1(t) ensures that the entire range of the Control Function is utilized. // In the Model Builder window, right-click Load Cycle 1 and choose Delete. model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature().remove("lc1"); // In the Model Builder window, expand the Component 1 (comp1) > Lithium-Ion Battery (liion) > Porous Electrode - Negative node, then click Particle Intercalation 1. // In the Settings window for Particle Intercalation, click to expand the Particle Discretization section. // Select the Fast assembly in particle dimension checkbox. model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce1").feature("pin1").set("FastAssembly", true); //  to reduce the computational time. // In the Model Builder window, expand the Component 1 (comp1) > Lithium-Ion Battery (liion) > Porous Electrode - Positive node, then click Particle Intercalation 1. // In the Settings window for Particle Intercalation, locate the Particle Discretization section. // Select the Fast assembly in particle dimension checkbox. model.component("comp1").physics("liion").feature("pce2").feature("pin1").set("FastAssembly", true); // Add an ODE to compute the parasitic aging charge as the integral of the parasitic aging current. // In the Home toolbar, click Windows and choose Add Physics. // In the tree, select Mathematics > ODE and DAE Interfaces > Global ODEs and DAEs (ge). // Click Add to Component 1 in the window toolbar. model.component("comp1").physics().create("ge", "GlobalEquations", "geom1"); model.component("comp1").physics("ge").prop("EquationForm").set("form", "Automatic"); // In the Home toolbar, click Add Physics to close the Add Physics window. // In the Settings window for Global Equations, locate the Global Equations section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.component("comp1").physics("ge").feature("ge1").setIndex("name", "Q_aged", 0, 0); model.component("comp1").physics("ge").feature("ge1").setIndex("equation", "Q_agedt-total_aging_current", 0, 0); model.component("comp1").physics("ge").feature("ge1") .setIndex("description", "Integrated charge of aging reactions", 0, 0); // Locate the Units section. // Click Define Dependent Variable Unit. model.component("comp1").physics("ge").feature("ge1").set("CustomDependentVariableUnit", "1"); model.component("comp1").physics("ge").feature("ge1").set("DependentVariableQuantity", "none"); // In the Dependent variable quantity table, enter the following settings: model.component("comp1").physics("ge").feature("ge1").setIndex("CustomDependentVariableUnit", "C", 0, 0); // Click Select Source Term Quantity. // In the Physical Quantity dialog, select General > Current (A) in the tree. // Click OK. model.component("comp1").physics("ge").feature("ge1").set("SourceTermQuantity", "current"); // In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) > Definitions, click Variables 1. // In the Settings window for Variables, type Variables 1 - Global in the Label text field. model.component("comp1").variable("var1").label("Variables 1 - Global"); // Locate the Variables section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.component("comp1").variable("var1").set("constr", "Q_aged*maxCycles/maxDegradation/liion.Q_cell"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1").descr("constr", "Constraint"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1").set("avg_C_rate", "cfunc1.avg"); model.component("comp1").variable("var1").descr("avg_C_rate", "Average C rate (to be maximized)"); // This corresponds to allowing a degradation of 10% after 1000 cycles. model.study("std1").feature("cdi").setSolveFor("/physics/ge", false); // In the Model Builder window, expand the Study 1 node, then click Step 1: Current Distribution Initialization. // In the Settings window for Current Distribution Initialization, locate the Physics and Variables Selection section. // In the Solve for column of the table, under Component 1 (comp1), clear the checkbox for Global ODEs and DAEs (ge). // In the Model Builder window, click Step 2: Time Dependent. // In the Settings window for Time Dependent, locate the Study Settings section. // In the Output times text field, type range(0,0.1/cfunc0,0.9/cfunc0). model.study("std1").feature("time").set("tlist", "range(0,0.1/cfunc0,0.9/cfunc0)"); // Click to expand the Results While Solving section. // From the Probes list, select None. model.study("std1").feature("time").set("probesel", "none"); // In the Model Builder window, click Study 1. // In the Settings window for Study, type Study 1: Initial in the Label text field. model.study("std1").label("Study 1: Initial"); // In the Study toolbar, click Compute. model.study("std1").createAutoSequences("all"); model.sol("sol1").runAll(); model.result().create("pg1", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg1").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg1").label("Boundary Electrode Potential with Respect to Ground (liion)"); model.result("pg1").set("titletype", "none"); model.result("pg1").set("legendpos", "middleright"); model.result("pg1").create("glob1", "Global"); model.result("pg1").feature("glob1").set("unit", new String[]{""}); model.result("pg1").feature("glob1").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.phis0_ec1"}); model.result("pg1").feature("glob1").set("descr", new String[]{"Electric potential on boundary"}); model.result("pg1").feature("glob1").set("xdatasolnumtype", "level1"); model.result("pg1").feature("glob1").set("legend", true); model.result("pg1").feature("glob1").set("autosolution", false); model.result("pg1").feature("glob1").set("autodescr", true); model.result("pg1").set("showlegends", false); model.result().create("pg2", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg2").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg2").set("ylabel", "SOC (1)"); model.result("pg2").set("titletype", "none"); model.result("pg2").set("legendpos", "middleleft"); model.result("pg2").label("Cell and Average Electrode Cell State of Charge (liion)"); model.result("pg2").create("glob1", "Global"); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("unit", new String[]{""}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.SOC_cell"}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("descr", new String[]{"Cell state of charge"}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("xdatasolnumtype", "level1"); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("legend", true); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("autosolution", false); model.result("pg2").feature("glob1").set("autodescr", true); model.result("pg2").create("glob2", "Global"); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("unit", new String[]{"", ""}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2") .set("expr", new String[]{"liion.soc_average_pce1", "liion.soc_average_pce2"}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2") .set("descr", new String[]{"Average SOC, Porous Electrode - Negative", "Average SOC, Porous Electrode - Positive"}); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("xdatasolnumtype", "level1"); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("legend", true); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("autosolution", false); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("autodescr", true); model.result("pg2").feature("glob2").set("linestyle", "dashed"); model.result().create("pg3", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg3").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg3").label("Electrode Potential with Respect to Adjacent Reference (liion)"); model.result("pg3").create("lngr1", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.Evsref"}); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", true); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("legendtitle", "Time"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("unit", "min"); model.result("pg3").set("showlegendstitle", true); model.result("pg3").set("showlegendsunit", true); model.result("pg3").set("titletype", "manual"); model.result("pg3").set("title", "Solid lines: Negative electrode, Dashed lines: Positive electrode"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr1").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isNegative)"); model.result("pg3").create("lngr2", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.Evsref"}); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isPositive)"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", false); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").set("linestyle", "dashed"); model.result("pg3").feature("lngr2").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg3").set("ylabelactive", true); model.result("pg3").set("ylabel", "Negative electrode potential (V)"); model.result("pg3").set("twoyaxes", true); model.result("pg3").setIndex("plotonsecyaxis", true, 1, 1); model.result("pg3").set("yseclabelactive", true); model.result("pg3").set("yseclabel", "Positive electrode potential (V)"); model.result().create("pg4", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg4").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg4").label("Electrolyte Salt Concentration (liion)"); model.result("pg4").set("titletype", "none"); model.result("pg4").create("lngr1", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").set("expr", new String[]{"cl"}); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", true); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("legendtitle", "Time"); model.result("pg4").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("unit", "min"); model.result("pg4").set("showlegendstitle", true); model.result("pg4").set("showlegendsunit", true); model.result().create("pg5", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg5").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg5").label("Volumetric Current Density (liion)"); model.result("pg5").set("titletype", "none"); model.result("pg5").create("lngr1", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.ivtot"}); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", true); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("legendtitle", "Time"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("unit", "min"); model.result("pg5").set("showlegendstitle", true); model.result("pg5").set("showlegendsunit", true); model.result("pg5").set("titletype", "manual"); model.result("pg5").set("title", "Solid lines: Negative electrode, Dashed lines: Positive electrode"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr1").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isNegative)"); model.result("pg5").create("lngr2", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.ivtot"}); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isPositive)"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", false); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").set("linestyle", "dashed"); model.result("pg5").feature("lngr2").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg5").set("ylabelactive", true); model.result("pg5").set("ylabel", "Negative electrode volumetric current density (A/m3)"); model.result("pg5").set("twoyaxes", true); model.result("pg5").setIndex("plotonsecyaxis", true, 1, 1); model.result("pg5").set("yseclabelactive", true); model.result("pg5").set("yseclabel", "Positive electrode volumetric current density (A/m3)"); model.result().create("pg6", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg6").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg6").label("Particle Surface State of Charge (liion)"); model.result("pg6").create("lngr1", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.socloc_surface"}); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", true); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("legendtitle", "Time"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("col1").set("unit", "min"); model.result("pg6").set("showlegendstitle", true); model.result("pg6").set("showlegendsunit", true); model.result("pg6").set("titletype", "manual"); model.result("pg6").set("title", "Solid lines: Negative electrode, Dashed lines: Positive electrode"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr1").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isNegative)"); model.result("pg6").create("lngr2", "LineGraph"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").set("xdata", "expr"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").set("xdataexpr", "x"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").selection().geom("geom1", 1); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").selection().set(1, 2, 3); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").set("expr", new String[]{"liion.socloc_surface"}); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").create("filt1", "LineGraphFilter"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").feature("filt1").set("expr", "isdefined(root.comp1.liion.isPositive)"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").create("col1", "Color"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("expr", "t"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colorlegend", false); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").feature("col1").set("colortable", "Viridis"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").set("linestyle", "dashed"); model.result("pg6").feature("lngr2").set("resolution", "norefine"); model.result("pg6").set("ylabelactive", true); model.result("pg6").set("ylabel", "Particle surface state of charge (1)"); model.result().numerical().create("gev1", "EvalGlobal"); model.result().numerical("gev1").set("data", "dset1"); model.result().numerical("gev1").set("expr", new String[]{"Q_aged"}); model.result().numerical("gev1").set("descr", new String[]{"Integrated charge of aging reactions"}); model.result().create("pg7", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg7").set("data", "dset1"); model.result("pg7").create("glob1", "Global"); model.result("pg7").feature("glob1").set("expr", new String[]{"Q_aged"}); model.result("pg7").feature("glob1").set("descr", new String[]{"Integrated charge of aging reactions"}); model.result("pg1").run(); model.result("pg7").run(); // In the Model Builder window, expand the Results > 1D Plot Group 7 node. // Right-click 1D Plot Group 7 and choose Delete. model.result().remove("pg7"); // In the Model Builder window, click Study 1: Initial. // In the Settings window for Study, locate the Study Settings section. // Clear the Generate default plots checkbox. model.study("std1").setGenPlots(false); // In the Study toolbar, click Parametric Sweep. model.study("std1").create("param", "Parametric"); // In the Settings window for Parametric Sweep, locate the Study Settings section. // Click Add. model.study("std1").feature("param").setIndex("pname", "A_cell", 0); model.study("std1").feature("param").setIndex("plistarr", "", 0); model.study("std1").feature("param").setIndex("punit", "m^2", 0); model.study("std1").feature("param").setIndex("pname", "A_cell", 0); model.study("std1").feature("param").setIndex("plistarr", "", 0); model.study("std1").feature("param").setIndex("punit", "m^2", 0); // In the table, enter the following settings: model.study("std1").feature("param").setIndex("pname", "cfunc0", 0); model.study("std1").feature("param").setIndex("plistarr", "range(1.4,0.2,2)", 0); // Locate the Output While Solving section. // From the Probes list, select None. model.study("std1").feature("param").set("probesel", "none"); // In the Study toolbar, click Compute. model.study("std1").createAutoSequences("all"); model.sol().create("sol3"); model.sol("sol3").study("std1"); model.sol("sol3").label("Parametric Solutions 1"); model.batch("p1").feature("so1").set("psol", "sol3"); model.batch("p1").run("compute"); model.result("pg1").run(); // In the Home toolbar, click Windows and choose Add Study. // Find the Studies subsection. // In the Select Study tree, select Empty Study. // Click Add Study in the window toolbar. model.study().create("std2"); // In the Home toolbar, click Add Study to close the Add Study window. // In the Model Builder window, under Study 1: Initial, Ctrl-click to select Step 1: Current Distribution Initialization, Step 2: Time Dependent. // Right-click and choose Copy. // In the Model Builder window, right-click Study 2 and choose Paste Multiple Items. model.study("std2").feature().copy("cdi", "std1/cdi"); model.study("std2").feature().copy("time", "std1/time"); return model; } public static Model run4(Model model) { // In the Study toolbar, click Optimization and choose General Optimization. model.study("std2").create("opt", "Optimization"); // In the Settings window for General Optimization, locate the Optimization Solver section. // From the Method list, select GCMMA. model.study("std2").feature("opt").set("optmethod", "gcmma"); // From the Study step list, select Time Dependent. model.study("std2").feature("opt").set("gradientStep", "time"); // Click Add Expression in the upper-right corner of the Objective Function section. // From the menu, choose Component 1 (comp1) > Definitions > Variables > comp1.avg_C_rate - Average C rate (to be maximized) - 1. model.study("std2").feature("opt").set("optobj", new String[]{"comp1.avg_C_rate"}); model.study("std2").feature("opt").set("descr", new String[]{"Average C rate (to be maximized)"}); // Locate the Objective Function section. // From the Type list, select Maximization. model.study("std2").feature("opt").set("objectivetype", "maximization"); // Select the Condition-based final time checkbox. model.study("std2").feature("opt").set("finaltimeopt", true); // In the Stop expression text field, type t_1C-t*comp1.avg_C_rate. model.study("std2").feature("opt").set("stopcondexpr", "t_1C-t*comp1.avg_C_rate"); // , so that the total charge becomes fixed. // Click Add Expression in the upper-right corner of the Constraints section. // From the menu, choose Component 1 (comp1) > Definitions > Variables > comp1.constr - Constraint - 1. model.study("std2").feature("opt").set("constraintExpression", new String[]{"comp1.constr"}); // Locate the Constraints section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.study("std2").feature("opt").setIndex("constraintUbound", 1, 0); // Click to expand the Output section. // From the Probes list, select None. model.study("std2").feature("opt").set("probesel", "none"); // In the Model Builder window, click Step 2: Time Dependent. // In the Settings window for Time Dependent, locate the Study Settings section. // In the Output times text field, type range(0,0.01[h],3*t_1C). model.study("std2").feature("time").set("tlist", "range(0,0.01[h],3*t_1C)"); // In the Model Builder window, click Study 2. // In the Settings window for Study, type Study 2: Optimization in the Label text field. model.study("std2").label("Study 2: Optimization"); // Locate the Study Settings section. // Clear the Generate default plots checkbox. model.study("std2").setGenPlots(false); // In the Study toolbar, click Get Initial Value. model.study("std2").createAutoSequences("sol"); model.study("std2").createAutoSequences("jobs"); model.sol("sol8").runFromTo("st1", "v1"); // , so that a plot can be setup to be shown while solving. // In the Results toolbar, click 1D Plot Group. model.result().create("pg7", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg7").run(); // In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Data section. // From the Dataset list, select Study 2: Optimization/Solution 8 (sol8). model.result("pg7").set("data", "dset4"); // In the Label text field, type Control Function. model.result("pg7").label("Control Function"); // Click to expand the Title section. // From the Title type list, select Manual. model.result("pg7").set("titletype", "manual"); // In the Title text area, type constr = eval(constr). model.result("pg7").set("title", "constr = eval(constr)"); // Right-click Control Function and choose Global. model.result("pg7").create("glob1", "Global"); model.result("pg7").feature("glob1").set("markerpos", "datapoints"); model.result("pg7").feature("glob1").set("linewidth", "preference"); // In the Settings window for Global, locate the y-Axis Data section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.result("pg7").feature("glob1").setIndex("expr", "cfunc1(t*avg_C_rate/t_1C)", 0); model.result("pg7").feature("glob1").setIndex("descr", "Control Function", 0); // Locate the x-Axis Data section. // From the Parameter list, select Expression. model.result("pg7").feature("glob1").set("xdata", "expr"); // In the Expression text field, type t. model.result("pg7").feature("glob1").set("xdataexpr", "t"); // From the Unit list, select min. model.result("pg7").feature("glob1").set("xdataunit", "min"); // Right-click Global 1 and choose Duplicate. model.result("pg7").feature().duplicate("glob2", "glob1"); model.result("pg7").run(); // In the Settings window for Global, click Replace Expression in the upper-right corner of the y-Axis Data section. // From the menu, choose Component 1 (comp1) > Definitions > total_aging_current - Domain Probe 1 - A. model.result("pg7").feature("glob2").set("expr", new String[]{"total_aging_current"}); model.result("pg7").feature("glob2").set("descr", new String[]{"Domain Probe 1"}); model.result("pg7").feature("glob2").set("unit", new String[]{"A"}); // Locate the y-Axis Data section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.result("pg7").feature("glob2").setIndex("descr", "Parasitic aging current", 0); model.result("pg7").run(); // In the Model Builder window, right-click Results > Control Function > Global 1 and choose Duplicate. model.result("pg7").feature().duplicate("glob3", "glob1"); model.result("pg7").run(); // In the Settings window for Global, locate the Data section. // From the Dataset list, select Study 1: Initial/Solution 1 (sol1). model.result("pg7").feature("glob3").set("data", "dset1"); // In the Control Function toolbar, click Plot. model.result("pg7").run(); // Locate the y-Axis Data section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.result("pg7").feature("glob3").setIndex("descr", "Initial Control Function", 0); // Click to expand the Coloring and Style section. // From the Color list, select Cycle (reset). model.result("pg7").feature("glob3").set("linecolor", "cyclereset"); // Find the Line style subsection. // From the Line list, select Dashed. model.result("pg7").feature("glob3").set("linestyle", "dashed"); model.result("pg7").run(); // In the Model Builder window, right-click Results > Control Function > Global 2 and choose Duplicate. model.result("pg7").feature().duplicate("glob4", "glob2"); model.result("pg7").run(); // In the Settings window for Global, locate the Data section. // From the Dataset list, select Study 1: Initial/Solution 1 (sol1). model.result("pg7").feature("glob4").set("data", "dset1"); // Locate the y-Axis Data section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.result("pg7").feature("glob4").setIndex("descr", "Initial parasitic aging current", 0); // Locate the Coloring and Style section. // Find the Line style subsection. // From the Line list, select Dashed. model.result("pg7").feature("glob4").set("linestyle", "dashed"); model.result("pg7").run(); // In the Model Builder window, click Control Function. // In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Plot Settings section. // Select the Two y-axes checkbox. model.result("pg7").set("twoyaxes", true); // In the table, enter the following settings: model.result("pg7").setIndex("plotonsecyaxis", true, 1, 1); model.result("pg7").setIndex("plotonsecyaxis", true, 3, 1); // Select the y-axis label checkbox. model.result("pg7").set("ylabelactive", true); // In the associated text field, type C rate (1). model.result("pg7").set("ylabel", "C rate (1)"); // Select the Secondary y-axis label checkbox. model.result("pg7").set("yseclabelactive", true); // In the associated text field, type Parasitic aging current (A). // In the Model Builder window, under Study 2: Optimization, click General Optimization. // In the Settings window for General Optimization, locate the Output section. // Select the Plot checkbox. model.study("std2").feature("opt").set("plot", true); // In the table, enter the following settings: model.study("std2").feature("opt").setIndex("plotgrouparr", "pg7", 0); // In the Model Builder window, expand the Study 2: Optimization > Solver Configurations node. // In the Model Builder window, expand the Study 2: Optimization > Solver Configurations > Solution 8 (sol8) node. // In the Model Builder window, expand the Study 2: Optimization > Solver Configurations > Solution 8 (sol8) > Optimization Solver 1 node. // In the Model Builder window, expand the Study 2: Optimization > Solver Configurations > Solution 8 (sol8) > Optimization Solver 1 > Time-Dependent Solver 1 node, then click Advanced. // In the Settings window for Advanced, click to expand the Assembly Settings section. // Clear the Reuse sparsity pattern checkbox. model.sol("sol8").feature("o1").feature("t1").feature("aDef").set("cachepattern", false); //  to avoid messages in the log for every reassembly of the sparsity pattern. // Use a Parametric Sweep to investigate the relative cost of degradation versus charging rate for optimal charging profiles. // In the Study toolbar, click Parametric Sweep. model.study("std2").create("param", "Parametric"); // In the Settings window for Parametric Sweep, locate the Study Settings section. // Click Add. model.study("std2").feature("param").setIndex("pname", "A_cell", 0); model.study("std2").feature("param").setIndex("plistarr", "", 0); model.study("std2").feature("param").setIndex("punit", "m^2", 0); model.study("std2").feature("param").setIndex("pname", "A_cell", 0); model.study("std2").feature("param").setIndex("plistarr", "", 0); model.study("std2").feature("param").setIndex("punit", "m^2", 0); // In the table, enter the following settings: model.study("std2").feature("param").setIndex("pname", "maxCycles", 0); model.study("std2").feature("param").setIndex("plistarr", "200 500 1000 2000", 0); // Locate the Output While Solving section. // From the Probes list, select None. model.study("std2").feature("param").set("probesel", "none"); // Click to expand the Advanced Settings section. // Select the Reuse solution from previous step checkbox. model.study("std2").feature("param").set("reusesol", true); //  to reduce the computational time. // In the Study toolbar, click Compute. model.study("std2").createAutoSequences("all"); model.sol().create("sol10"); model.sol("sol10").study("std2"); model.sol("sol10").label("Parametric Solutions 2"); model.batch("p2").feature("so1").set("psol", "sol10"); model.batch("p2").run("compute"); model.result("pg7").run(); model.study("std2").feature("opt").set("probewindow", ""); // In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Axis section. // Select the Manual axis limits checkbox. model.result("pg7").set("axislimits", true); // In the y minimum text field, type 0.5. model.result("pg7").set("ymin", 0.5); // In the Control Function toolbar, click Plot. model.result("pg7").run(); // In the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group. model.result().create("pg8", "PlotGroup1D"); model.result("pg8").run(); // In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Pareto-Optimal Front in the Label text field. model.result("pg8").label("Pareto-Optimal Front"); // Locate the Data section. // From the Dataset list, select Study 2: Optimization/Parametric Solutions 2 (sol10). model.result("pg8").set("data", "dset6"); // From the Time selection list, select Last. model.result("pg8").setIndex("looplevelinput", "last", 0); // Locate the Title section. // From the Title type list, select None. model.result("pg8").set("titletype", "none"); // Locate the Plot Settings section. // Select the y-axis label checkbox. model.result("pg8").set("ylabelactive", true); // In the associated text field, type Maximum number of cycles. model.result("pg8").set("ylabel", "Maximum number of cycles"); // Locate the Axis section. // Select the y-axis log scale checkbox. model.result("pg8").set("ylog", true); // Locate the Legend section. // From the Position list, select Upper middle. model.result("pg8").set("legendpos", "uppermiddle"); // Right-click Pareto-Optimal Front and choose Global. model.result("pg8").create("glob1", "Global"); model.result("pg8").feature("glob1").set("markerpos", "datapoints"); model.result("pg8").feature("glob1").set("linewidth", "preference"); // In the Settings window for Global, locate the y-Axis Data section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.result("pg8").feature("glob1").setIndex("expr", "maxCycles", 0); model.result("pg8").feature("glob1").setIndex("descr", "0-100% SOC (optimized)", 0); // Locate the x-Axis Data section. // From the Axis source data list, select Outer solutions. model.result("pg8").feature("glob1").set("xdatasolnumtype", "outer"); // From the Parameter list, select Expression. model.result("pg8").feature("glob1").set("xdata", "expr"); // In the Expression text field, type t_1C/cfunc1.avg. model.result("pg8").feature("glob1").set("xdataexpr", "t_1C/cfunc1.avg"); // From the Unit list, select min. model.result("pg8").feature("glob1").set("xdataunit", "min"); // Select the Description checkbox. model.result("pg8").feature("glob1").set("xdatadescractive", true); // In the associated text field, type Charging time. model.result("pg8").feature("glob1").set("xdatadescr", "Charging time"); // Click to expand the Legends section. // Find the Include subsection. // Clear the Solution checkbox. model.result("pg8").feature("glob1").set("autosolution", false); // Right-click Global 1 and choose Duplicate. model.result("pg8").feature().duplicate("glob2", "glob1"); model.result("pg8").run(); // In the Settings window for Global, locate the Data section. // From the Dataset list, select Study 1: Initial/Parametric Solutions 1 (sol3). model.result("pg8").feature("glob2").set("data", "dset3"); // From the Time selection list, select Last. model.result("pg8").feature("glob2").setIndex("looplevelinput", "last", 0); // Locate the y-Axis Data section. // In the table, enter the following settings: model.result("pg8").feature("glob2").setIndex("expr", "maxCycles/constr", 0); model.result("pg8").feature("glob2").setIndex("descr", "0-90% SOC (constant current)", 0); // Locate the x-Axis Data section. // From the Axis source data list, select All solutions. model.result("pg8").feature("glob2").set("xdatasolnumtype", "all"); // Locate the Coloring and Style section. // Find the Line style subsection. // From the Line list, select Dashed. model.result("pg8").feature("glob2").set("linestyle", "dashed"); // Locate the x-Axis Data section. // In the Expression text field, type t. model.result("pg8").feature("glob2").set("xdataexpr", "t"); // In the Pareto-Optimal Front toolbar, click Plot. model.result("pg8").run(); model.result("pg1").run(); model.result().remove("pg1"); model.result().remove("pg2"); model.result().remove("pg3"); model.result().remove("pg4"); model.result().remove("pg5"); model.result().remove("pg6"); model.result("pg7").run(); model.title("Minimizing the Charging Time of a Lithium-Ion Battery"); model .description("This model demonstrates how to optimize the charging profile of a battery using gradient based optimization. The optimization solver minimizes the time required for charging the battery from 0% to 90% state of charge, while at the same time constraining the amount lithium inventory lost due to parasitic reactions (such as lithium plating)."); return model; } public static void main(String[] args) { Model model = run(); model = run2(model); model = run3(model); run4(model); } }