Structural Mechanics Module
New Functionality in Version 6.4
Physics Interfaces for Explicit Dynamic Analysis
Two new physics interfaces intended for explicit dynamic analysis have been added. These are Solid Mechanics, Explicit Dynamics and Truss, Explicit Dynamics. In terms of functionality, the new interfaces are similar to the corresponding Solid Mechanics and Truss interfaces but have a set of specializations and some limitations in the available features and options.
The new interfaces contain two new unique domain-level nodes, Mass Scaling and Artificial Viscosity.
There is also a new dedicated Explicit Dynamics study to automate explicit dynamics analyses.
Magnetomechanics for Shell and Membrane
Four new multiphysics interfaces are available to model the magnetomechanics effect in shells and membranes:
A new multiphysics coupling node, Magnetomechanics, Boundary, allows the coupling of the Shell and Membrane interfaces to the Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Fields, No Currents interfaces.
The new multiphysics interfaces require both the AC/DC Module and the Structural Mechanics Module.
General Contact
A new General Contact feature is available in the Solid Mechanics interface. This contact formulation is particularly useful when there are many different boundaries that can come into contact with each other. Using this feature, you can avoid setting up many different contact pairs.
Damping and Friction subnodes can be added to General Contact.
Smooth Penalty Function for Contact
A smooth penalty function has been added to the Contact and Interior Contact nodes. It is also available for General Contact. The new option uses a nonlinear (smooth ramp) penalty function for the contact pressure. This may improve the convergence significantly.
Logarithmic Strains
The control over the formulation of geometric nonlinearity in the Geometric Nonlinearity section of the settings in the Linear Elastic Material node has been updated. It now includes the possibility to define an additive decomposition of logarithmic (Hencky) strains. This option can give significant speedups in large strain analysis while giving virtually the same results as using full multiplicative decomposition.
Transport in Solid interface
There are several improvements in the Transport in Solids interface.
Three new subnodes are available under the Solid material model:
Thermophoresis
Electromigration
Stress Migration
Their purpose is to account for specific transport mechanisms. The new flux contributions are showcased in the following models:
A Periodic Condition feature has been added.
Serendipity shape functions have been added.
The sign convention for the stoichiometric coefficient in the Electrode Surface Coupling node has been changed. It now follows the convention used in the Battery Design Module.
The new sign convention is showcased in the model Heterogeneous Lithium-Ion Battery.
Phase Field in Solids
New predefined phase field models have been added to the Phase Field in Solids interface. The new models are:
The new functionality is showcased in the model Phase-Field Modeling of Dynamic Crack Branching.
Fluid–Structure Interaction with Poroelastic Materials
The Free and Porous Media Flow Coupling node sets the coupling between Laminar Flow and Darcy’s Law interfaces. The Poroelasticity node sets the coupling between the Darcy’s Law and Solid Mechanics interfaces. The Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) coupling node can now be applied at the interface between free flow domains and porous domains.
The new multiphysics coupling requires the Structural Mechanics Module together with either the Porous Media Flow Module or the Polymer Flow Module.
Linear Buckling for Periodic Structures
The Shell and Solid Mechanics interfaces now support the Linear Buckling analysis together with Floquet Periodicity and Cyclic Symmetry.
The new functionality is shown in the model Buckling Analysis of a Corrugated Conical Shell.
Dataset for Periodic Conditions
A new predefined sector dataset and plot templates are added when Cyclic symmetry is selected in the Periodic Condition node.
The new result templates are added for the Solid Mechanics and Shell interfaces.
This functionality is showcased in the models:
Piezomagnetic Material
The options Maximum loss factor and Loss factor for compliance sH have been added to the Mechanical Damping subnode under the Piezomagnetic Material node.
Spring–Damper
A Loss factor damping option is now available in the Spring–Damper node.
The Spring–Damper node in the Shell interface now includes the possibility to add rotational stiffnesses beside the translational stiffnesses. Viscous damping can also be added to the translational and rotational components.
Warpage
It is now possible to compute warpage with respect to a reference plane defined by the user.
There is now support for symmetry and antisymmetry boundaries conditions when computing warpage.
The warping displacement variable, dispn_warp, now uses the normal direction from the reference plane rather than the material normal of the selected boundaries.
The following models showcase the new functionality:
Intercalation Strain
A reference concentration has been added to the Intercalation Strain node. The addition allows you to define a strain-free configuration with a nonzero concentration.
External Strain
An option named Volumetric strain has been added to the External Strain feature. Its purpose is to account for external volumetric strains.
External Stress
In the Shell interface, the ability to enter stress tensor components defined in the spatial frame (deformed configuration) has been added to the External Stress node.
Point Mass
The Point Mass node is now also available in the Solid Mechanics interface.
Manual Search Method in Couplings
A manual search method has been added to the extrusion operator in some structural multiphysics nodes in order to improve the performance of the coupling.
It can be accessed in the Advanced section of the following multiphysics coupling nodes:
Solid–Thin Structure Connection
Solid–Beam Connection
Shell–Beam Connection
Layered Shell–Structure Transition
Structure–Pipe Connection
Joint Forces and Moments
A new Joint Forces and Moments section has been added to the settings of the Fixed Joint node. The components connected by a Fixed Joint are rigidly attached to each other, and the forces or moments required to restrict the relative motion can now be computed.
Reaction Forces
New variables to compute reaction force and moments are available in the Solid Mechanics and Shell interfaces. It is now possible to directly obtain the reactions for a single boundary condition, both for pointwise and weak constraints.
In the Solid Mechanics interface:
Fixed
Prescribed Displacement
Prescribed Velocity
Prescribed Acceleration
Symmetry
Roller
Antisymmetry
In the Shell interface:
Fixed
Pinned
No Rotation
Simply Supported
Prescribed Displacement/Rotation
Prescribed Velocity
Prescribed Acceleration
Symmetry
Symmetry Plane
Antisymmetry
Continuity
A new checkbox, Correct for mismatching boundaries, has been added to the settings in the Continuity node. The purpose is to create a more accurate connection for cases when there is a gap or an overlap between the joined boundaries.
Reduced Integration
There are new methods available for hourglass stabilization: the Energy sampling, Hessian, and Flanagan–Belytschko methods. The latter method is only available in the Solid Mechanics, Explicit Dynamics interface.
It is now possible to define a different hourglass stabilization method per mesh element type, for instance, when combining hexahedral and prism elements in the same domain.
Reduced integration is now also available in the Truss and Wire interfaces. It is turned off by default.
Fasteners
The Hole Selection subnode now includes boundary selection type for the fastener hole detection.
The tolerance inputs in Hole Selection subnode have changed to account for the fastener diameter.
Result Template for Fasteners and Spot welds
The result template now uses the new Table Arrow plot for the normal and shear forces.
The new functionality is showcased in the model Postbuckling Analysis of an Aircraft Fuselage.
Traction Variable
The traction variable phys.Trac is now always available on external and internal boundaries in the Solid Mechanics interface.
Section Forces
Section forces can now be computed accurately under geometric nonlinearity.
The definitions of the section forces using the traction variable phys.Trac based on the nominal stress, have been updated for geometric nonlinear analyses.
Cell Periodicity
It is possible to create a homogenized material for a specific parameter value after running a parametric study.
This functionality is available after pressing the Create Material by Value button.
Test Material
The extra datasets created by the Test Material node in the presence of multiple components have been removed.
If a user adds several Test Material nodes in the same model, several datasets are created corresponding to the multiple components and physics. Out of these datasets, only two datasets are relevant; the others are empty.
Functions used in the Test Material feature must be defined under Global Definitions.
Quaternions
The variable for the real part of the quaternion for Rigid Connector, Rigid Material, and Attachment has changed. The internal dependent variable for the quaternion has been modified in order to be initialized with a zero solution.
Adhesion and Decohesion
Resetting of adhesion and decohesion was previously not possible. The adhesion condition and damage states are stored as internal degrees of freedom that keep track of the maximum value over time. These variables can now be reset to their initial values.
Structural Connections
The transformation matrix for the flexible option in the Solid–Thin Structure Connection multiphysics node has been improved for geometric nonlinear analyses.
The implementation of the Solid–Beam Connection and Shell–Beam Connection multiphysics nodes has been improved for geometric nonlinear analyses.
Result Templates for Principal Stresses
Two new result templates to plot the maximum principal tensile stress and the maximum principal compressive stress have been added to the Solid Mechanics, Shell, and Plate interfaces. The maximum principal tensile stress template is also available in the Membrane interface.
New Framework for Storing Dissipation
A new method to accumulate and store energy dissipation variables is available. The method is based on an implementation that uses state variables. It works with all time integrators, including the Verlet scheme for explicit dynamics.
Average Rotation
The internal dependent variable for the quaternion has been modified in order to be safely initialized with a zero solution.
The expression for the computation of the angular velocity vector has been corrected to account for large rotations.
Orthonormal Coordinate Systems
Only orthonormal coordinate systems defined in the spatial frame are allowed in the Gravity, Base Excitation, and Linearly Accelerated Frame nodes in all structural interfaces. This implies that such accelerations always must act in a space-fixed direction.
The special local coordinate systems defined by the Shell and Beam interfaces are excluded from these nodes.
Random Particulate Composite
The actual volume fraction is computed during the creation of particles. This change affects the resulting geometry since a different volume fraction is obtained with the new formulation.
In version 6.3, when the particles are allowed to intersect, the computed volume fraction differs from the prescribed volume fraction. The mismatch depends on the particle diameters and volume fraction, so the analytical formula used for the computation of number of particles has been improved. The new functionality is showcased in the model Heterogeneous Model of a Solid-State Battery Unit Cell.
Gyroid Part
The gyroid geometry part has been moved from the COMSOL Multiphysics part library to the Design Module part library.