The Linear Elastic Material, Layered node adds the equations for a layered linear elastic membrane.

If the Composite Materials Module analysis is available, this material model can be applied to arbitrary layers in a multilayered membrane. The material properties, orientations, and layer thicknesses are defined using Layered Material node. The offset, and local coordinate system, in which material orientations and results are interpreted, is defined by Layered Material Link or Layered Material Stack node.

Without the Composite Materials Module, only single layer membranes can be modeled. This is still useful, for example for some multiphysics couplings. For single layer materials, an ordinary Material node can be used, as long you include a Shell property group in which, for example, the thickness is given.

By adding the following subnodes to the Linear Elastic Material, Layered node you can incorporate many other effects:

Some of these material models are only available together with the Nonlinear Structural Materials Module (see https://www.comsol.com/products/specifications/).

For this node, the Shell Properties section is only used for selecting a material model, but not individual layers.

The boundary selection in this node is similar to the Linear Elastic Material node. It is however only possible to select boundaries which are part of the selection of a layered material defined in Layered Material Link or Layered Material Stack node.

Select Material symmetry — Isotropic, Orthotropic, or Anisotropic and enter the settings as described for the Linear Elastic Material for the Solid Mechanics interface. If the layers have different types of anisotropy properties, select the one that is most complex.

For a material with a very low compressibility, using only displacements as degrees of freedom may lead to a numerically ill-posed problem. You can then use a mixed formulation, which add an extra dependent variable for either the pressure or for the volumetric strain, see the Mixed Formulation section in the Structural Mechanics Theory chapter.

From the Use mixed formulation list, select None, Pressure formulation, Strain formulation, or Implicit formulation.

Select a Formulation — From study step, Total Lagrangian, or Geometrically linear to set the kinematics of the deformation and the definition of strain. When From study step is selected, the study step controls the kinematics and the strain definition.

When From study step is selected, a total Lagrangian formulation for large strains is used when the Include geometric nonlinearity checkbox is selected in the study step. If the checkbox is not selected, the formulation is geometrically linear, with a small strain formulation.

To have full control of the formulation, select either Total Lagrangian, or Geometrically linear. When Total Lagrangian is selected, the physics will force the Include geometric nonlinearity checkbox in all study steps.

Select a Strain decomposition — Automatic, Additive, or Multiplicative to decide how the inelastic deformations are treated. This option is not available when the formulation is set to Geometrically linear.

The Strain decomposition input is only visible for material models that support both additive and multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient.

The section is available when you also have the Nonlinear Structural Materials Module. Then, to display this section, click the Show More Options button () and select Advanced Physics Options in the Show More Options dialog.

Select the Calculate dissipated energy checkbox as needed to compute the energy dissipated by Creep, Plasticity, Viscoplasticity, or Viscoelasticity.

If Pressure formulation is used, select the discretization for the Auxiliary pressure — Automatic, Discontinuous Lagrange, Continuous, Linear, or Constant. If Strain formulation is used, select the discretization for the Auxiliary volumetric strain — Automatic, Discontinuous Lagrange, Continuous, Linear, or Constant.

Select the Reduced integration checkbox to reduce the integration points for the weak contribution of the feature. Select a method for Hourglass stabilization — Automatic, Manual, or None to use in combination with the reduced integration scheme. The default Automatic stabilization technique is based on the shape function and shape order of the displacement field.

Control the hourglass stabilization scheme by using the Manual option. Select Shear stabilization (default) or Volumetric stabilization.

When Shear stabilization is selected, enter a stabilization shear modulus, Gstb, and the shear correction factor kstb. The value for Gstb should be in the order of magnitude of the equivalent shear modulus.

When Volumetric stabilization is selected, enter a stabilization bulk modulus, Kstb. The value should be in the order of magnitude of the equivalent bulk modulus.

Physics tab with Membrane selected: