Use the Section Orientation subnode to define the orientation of a pipe cross section using a reference point or an orientation vector. There is always one Section Orientation subnode for each cross section, and as many Section Orientation subnodes as needed can be added if the same section appears with different spatial orientations in the structure.

Select the Reference point (the default) or Orientation vector. For Reference point, enter a Reference point defining local y direction P.

The local x direction is in the edge direction. The positive edge direction can be checked by vector plotting the local edge tangent direction. The coordinates of the reference point define the local xy-plane together with the beam axis. The local coordinate system (exl, eyl, ezl) is formed using the following algorithm:

Here, p is the reference point, and m is the midpoint of the pipe element. The definition of the local coordinate system is illustrated in Figure 12-6.

For Orientation vector enter Orientation vector defining local y direction, V, and optionally the Rotation of vector around beam axis ϕ. The beam orientation is defined similarly to what is described above, with the difference that in this case the direction vector is explicitly defined whereas when an orientation point is used, the direction vector is obtained as the vector from the beam axis to the specified point. The local coordinate system (exl, eyl, ezl) is formed using the following algorithm:

The Rotation of vector around beam axis has the effect of rotating the given vector around the beam axis (using the right-hand rule) before it is used to define the local xy-plane. This simplifies the input for some cross sections, such as L-shaped profiles, where the principal axes have a direction which is skewed relative to a more natural modeling position. This can be written as

Physics tab with Pipe Cross Section node selected in the model tree: