Multiphysics Couplings
The Charged Particle Tracing and Particle Tracing for Fluid Flow interfaces can be used to create unidirectional couplings between particles and fields. For example, when using the Charged Particle Tracing interface, it is possible to compute the electric potential using a Stationary study and then use the computed potential to exert an electric force on the particles.
It is also possible to create bidirectional couplings, in which the particles contribute to fields in the surrounding domains, which may then exert forces on the particles. A typical example is a diverging beam of charged particles.
Dedicated Multiphysics nodes are available for several of the most common examples of bidirectional coupling between particles and fields. The following Multiphysics nodes are available depending on the other physics interfaces that are present:
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Electric Particle Field Interaction
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Space Charge Limited Emission
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Magnetic Particle–Field Interaction
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Fluid–Particle Interaction
In addition, it is possible to add all of the physics interfaces necessary for a specific Multiphysics node by using the dedicated Multiphysics interfaces:
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The Particle–Field Interaction, Nonrelativistic Interface
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The Particle–Field Interaction, Relativistic Interface
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The Fluid–Particle Interaction Interface
For example, to model a nonrelativistic beam of electrons that diverges due to self-potential, add the Particle Field Interaction, Nonrelativistic interface. This automatically adds instances of the Charged Particle Tracing and Electrostatics physics interfaces and the Electric Particle Field Interaction Multiphysics node.
The Particle Field Interaction, Nonrelativistic interface is used in several Application Library examples:
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Child’s Law Benchmark: Application Library path Particle_Tracing_Module/Charged_Particle_Tracing/childs_law_benchmark
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Electron Beam Divergence Due to Self-Potential: Application Library path Particle_Tracing_Module/Charged_Particle_Tracing/electron_beam_divergence
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Thermionic Emission in a Planar Diode: Application Library path Particle_Tracing_Module/Charged_Particle_Tracing/planar_diode
The Particle Field Interaction, Relativistic interface is used in the example Relativistic Diverging Electron Beam: Application Library path Particle_Tracing_Module/Charged_Particle_Tracing/electron_beam_divergence_relativistic.