0.5 μm
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Z (dimensionless) is the total charge of the particle,
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εr,p (dimensionless) is the particle permittivity,
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rp (SI unit: m) is the particle radius,
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Ti (SI unit: K) is the ion temperature,
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mi (SI unit: K) is the ion mass,
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E (SI unit: V/m) is the electric field,
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e (SI unit: C) is the elementary charge, and
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ρq (SI unit: C) is the ion charge density.
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