In this equation, u is the Darcy’s velocity or specific discharge vector (SI unit: m/s);
κ is the permeability of the porous medium (SI unit: m
2);
μ is the fluid’s dynamic viscosity (SI unit: Pa·s);
p is the pore pressure (SI unit: Pa) and
ρ is the density of the fluid (SI unit: kg/m
3).
In the above equation, ρ is the fluid density (SI unit: kg/m
3),
εp is the porosity, and
Qm is a mass source term (SI unit: kg/(m
3·s)). Porosity is defined as the fraction of the control volume that is occupied by pores. Thus, the porosity can vary from zero for pure solid regions to unity for domains of free flow.