Figure 3-1: Gray/Black arrows in whole stroke indicate the tangential electrode growth/dissolution velocities, vt, point, at the three-phase intersections between an electrolyte, a deposition or dissolution electrode and a nondepositing material. Dashed arrows are the growth or dissolution velocities, vdep, based on the electrodeposition rate expressions. Note that the tangential velocities depend on both the angle between the depositing surface and the nondepositing surface, as well as the direction of the normal velocity.