Maxwell’s Equations
The problem of electromagnetic analysis on a macroscopic level is that of solving Maxwell’s equations subject to certain boundary conditions. Maxwell’s equations are a set of equations, written in differential or integral form, stating the relationships between the fundamental electromagnetic quantities. These quantities are:
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Electric field intensity E
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Electric displacement field D
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Magnetic field intensity H
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Magnetic flux density B
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Current density J
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Electric charge density ρ
For general time-varying fields, Maxwell’s equations in the differential form can be written as
(2-1)
Another fundamental equation, derived from Maxwell’s equations, is the equation of continuity:
(2-2)