To add the heat source term, from the Physics toolbar, Domain menu, select Heat Source. Then click the Heat Source 1 node and select Total heat source (semi) from the list of coupling variables in the General source Q list (note that if several heat sources or Semiconductor interfaces are added then the name of the heat source feature and the semiconductor heat source coupling variable is incremented accordingly). This creates a unidirectionally coupled model (from Semiconductor to Heat Transfer).
To couple the temperature computed by a Heat Transfer interface back into the Semiconductor interface, go to the Model Inputs section of the Semiconductor Material Model 1 node. Under Temperature, T, select Temperature (ht). This creates a bidirectionally coupled, or fully coupled, model, which is best solved using the solution of the unidirectionally coupled model as the initial condition.
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To change this reference temperature, click the Show More Options button () and select Advanced Physics Options. Then adjust the Temperature reference for energy levels (T0) setting in the Temperature Reference section of the Semiconductor interface Settings window. The reference temperature should be within the range of validity of any temperature-dependent material properties used in the model.
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See the model Thermal Analysis of a Bipolar Transistor: Application Library path Semiconductor_Module/Transistors/bipolar_transistor_thermal for an example of a fully coupled nonisothermal system. The example is also available in the Application Gallery at www.comsol.com/model/thermal-analysis-of-a-bipolar-transistor-19701
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In the COMSOL Multiphysics Reference Manual:
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