For highly accurate simulations of heat transfer between a solid and a fluid in the turbulent flow regime, low-Reynolds turbulence models resolve the temperature field in the fluid all the way to the solid wall. This model is available in the Turbulent Flow, Low-Re k-ε interface (
). The standard k-
ε turbulence model in the Turbulent Flow, k-
ε interface (
) is computationally inexpensive compared to the other transport two-equation turbulence models but usually less accurate. The Algebraic yPlus and L-VEL interfaces are adapted for internal flows.
With the use of the CFD Module, additional turbulence models are available. The Realizable k-e model is similar to the standard k-
ε model but has built-in realizability constraints, resulting in improved performance for certain flows, such as turbulent jets. The
k-
ω model is an alternative to the standard
k-
ε model and often gives more accurate results, especially in recirculation regions and close to solid walls. However, the
k-
ω model is also less robust than the standard
k-
ε model. The Spalart-Allmaras interface is a dedicated physics interface for conjugate heat transfer in aerodynamics, for example, in the simulation of wing profiles. The SST (shear stress transport) interface is suitable for many external flow cases and internal flows with sudden expansions. The v2-f model includes near-wall turbulence anisotropy and is giving highly accurate results.
) combine all features from the Heat Transfer and Single-Phase Flow interfaces to describe heat transfer in solids and fluids and nonisothermal flow in fluids. The heat transfer process is tightly coupled with the fluid flow problem via a predefined multiphysics coupling. These interfaces are available for laminar and turbulent nonisothermal flow and flow in porous media (Brinkman equation):
) combines a Heat Transfer in Solids interface with a Laminar Flow interface. The temperature is resolved all the way to the solid wall which ensures accurate simulations in this flow regime.
