where q (SI unit: m) is the particle position vector. The right-hand side of the Lagrange equation is:
The second term on the left-hand side of Equation 4-1 represents the total differential which can be expressed as:
The term on the right-hand side of Equation 4-4 is called the Lorentz force. So far, only the
Electric Force and
Magnetic Force have been considered. Additional forces, such those introduced by the
Friction Force and
Ionization Loss features, can be added to the right-hand side if necessary.