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Sign Convention of the Electron Potential Energy
The sign convention for the Electron Potential Energy domain condition follows the one adopted by the Semiconductor Interface:
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For electron-like particles, the direction of lower energy is in the negative direction of the electron potential energy. Pictorially, this type of particles tend to fall down to the bottom of an electron potential energy well.
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For hole-like particles, the direction of lower energy is in the positive direction of the electron potential energy. Pictorially, this type of particles tend to float up to the top of an electron potential energy peak.