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Electric Force Theory
The Electric Force feature adds an electric force Fe to the total force on the particles,
where E (SI unit: V/m) is the electric field. When an electric potential V (SI unit: V) is used to specify the electric field, the following is used:
In the frequency domain, the electric field is complex-valued. The field must be cast into a real value which depends on the angular frequency and the simulation time:
where is the complex-valued electric field, ω is the angular frequency, φ0 is the initial phase angle, and t is time.