When the object to model in COMSOL Multiphysics is thin or slender enough along one of its geometry dimensions, there is usually only a small variation in temperature along the object’s thickness or cross section. For such objects, it is computationally more efficient to reduce the model geometry to 2D or even 1D and to use the out-of-plane heat transfer mechanism. Figure 4-23 shows examples of possible situations in which this type of geometry reduction can be applied.

The reduced geometry does not include all the boundaries of the original 3D geometry. For example, the reduced geometry does not represent the upside and downside surfaces of the plate in Figure 4-23 as boundaries.