Opaque Surface (Radiation in Participating Medium and Radiation in Absorbing-Scattering Medium Interfaces)
This node defines a boundary opaque to radiation. It prescribes incident intensities on a boundary and accounts for the net radiative heat flux, qr,net, that is absorbed by the surface.
The net radiative heat flux is defined as the difference between the incoming and outcoming radiative heat fluxes:
The incoming and outcoming radiative heat fluxes are defined from weighted sums of incident intensities.
Pair Selection
If this node is selected from the Pairs menu, choose the pair on which to apply this condition. A pair has to be created first. See Identity and Contact Pairs in the COMSOL Multiphysics Reference Manual for more details.
Models Input
This section has fields and values that are inputs to expressions that define material properties. If such user-defined materials are added, the model inputs appear here.
There is one standard model input — the Temperature T, which is used in the blackbody radiative intensity expression.
Fractional Emissive Power
This section is available when the Wavelength dependence of radiative properties is defined as Solar and ambient or Multiple spectral bands in the Radiation in Participating Media interface (see Participating Media Settings).
When the Fractional emissive power is Blackbody/Graybody, the fractional emissive power FEPk is automatically computed for each spectral band as a function of the band endpoints and temperature.
When the Fractional emissive power is User defined, define the Fractional emissive power, FEPk for each spectral band in the table displayed underneath. All fractional emissive powers are expected to be in [0,1] and their sum is expected to be equal to 1. Select the Define fractional emissive power on each side check box to set specific Upside and Downwside values in the table.
Wall Settings
Select a Wall type to define the behavior of the wall: Gray wall or Black wall. The definition of the incident intensities used to define the incoming and outcoming radiative heat fluxes depends on the option selected in this list.
Gray Wall
If Gray wall is selected, the surface emissivity should be set. This is a property of the material surface that depends both on the material itself and the structure of the surface.
An emissivity of 0 means that the surface emits no radiation at all and that all outgoing radiation is diffusely reflected by this boundary. An emissivity of 1 means that the surface is a perfect blackbody: outgoing radiation is fully absorbed on this boundary. When the node is added in the Radiation in Participating Media interface with the Discrete Ordinates Method, the radiative intensity along incoming discrete directions on this boundary is defined by
When it is added in the Radiation in Absorbing-Scattering Media interface with the Discrete Ordinates Method, no emission is considered, and the radiative intensity along incoming discrete directions on this boundary is defined by
The default Surface emissivity ε value is taken From material. Make sure that a material is defined at the boundary level (by default materials are defined at the domain level).
For User defined enter another value or expression. You may set a temperature-dependent emissivity through the use of the variable rpm.T or rasm.T.
If Wavelength dependence of radiative properties is Solar and ambient or Multiple spectral bands, the wavelength may be accessed through the rpm.lambda or rasm.lambda variable. Any expression set for the emissivity is then averaged on each spectral band to obtain a piecewise constant emissivity. If the average value of the emissivity on each band is known, you may use instead the User defined for each band option to avoid the evaluation of the average.
If Wavelength dependence of radiative properties is Solar and ambient or Multiple spectral bands, set alternatively the Surface emissivity to User defined for each band to enter a value for each spectral band in the table displayed underneath. Within a spectral band, each value is supposed to be wavelength-independent.
Select the Define surface emissivity on each side check box to set specific values on each side of the boundary. The Surface emissivity, upside and Surface emissivity, downside should be set, with the same options as those described above.
Black Wall
If Black wall is selected, no user input is required, and the radiative intensity along the incoming discrete directions on this boundary is defined by
if the node is added in the Radiation in Participating Media interface. When added in the Radiation in Absorbing-Scattering Media interface,
Values of radiative intensity along outgoing discrete directions are not prescribed.
When P1 approximation is selected as the Radiation discretization method for the physics interface, there is additional theory, equations, and variables described in P1 Approximation Theory.
Radiative Heat Transfer in a Utility Boiler: Application Library path Heat_Transfer_Module/Thermal_Radiation/boiler
Location in User Interface
Context Menus
Ribbon
Physics Tab with Radiation in Participating Media or Radiation in Absorbing-Scattering Media selected: