The Ampère’s Law node adds Ampère’s law for the magnetic field and provides an interface for defining the constitutive relation and its associated properties as well as electric properties.
The Material type setting decides how materials behave and how material properties are interpreted when the mesh is deformed. Select
Solid for materials whose properties change as functions of material strain, material orientation, and other variables evaluated in a material reference configuration (material frame). Select
Non-solid for materials whose properties are defined only as functions of the current local state at each point in the spatial frame, and for which no unique material reference configuration can be defined. Select
From material to pick up the corresponding setting from the domain material on each domain.
The default Relative permittivity εr (dimensionless) for the media is used
From material and defined on the shell domain. For
User defined, select
Isotropic,
Diagonal,
Symmetric, or
Full based on the characteristics of the permittivity and then enter values or expressions in the field or matrix.
Select Relative permeability μr (dimensionless) to use the constitutive relation
B = μ0μrH. For
User defined select
Isotropic,
Diagonal,
Symmetric, or
Full and enter values or expressions in the field or matrix.
Select B-H curve |H| (SI unit: A/m) to use a curve that relates magnetic flux density
B and the magnetic field
H as
|H| = f(|B|).
The Magnetic field norm and
Magnetic coenergy density settings can take the values
From material or
User defined.
When User defined is selected, specify a user-defined expression for the magnetic field norm. The direction of the magnetic field is taken to be the same as the direction of the magnetic flux density at each point.
Select Magnetic losses μ′ and
μ″ (dimensionless) to describe the relative permeability as a complex-valued quantity:
μr = μ′ + iμ″, where
μ′ and
μ″ are the real and imaginary parts, respectively.
Select Remanent flux density Br (SI unit: T) to use the constitutive relation
B =
μ0μrecH +
Br, where
μrec and
Br are the recoil permeability and the remanent flux density respectively (the flux density when no magnetic field is present). The recoil permeability
μrec is very similar to the relative permeability, and is valid as long as the magnet is subjected to normal operating conditions (it is only valid within the linear region close to the vertical axis
H = 0).
Br is given by taking the remanent flux density norm (typically, provided by the material) and multiplying it with a normalized direction field specified in the physics:
Br =
||Br|| e/
||e||.
Select Magnetization M (SI unit: A/m) to use the constitutive relation
B = μ0H + μ0M. Enter
x and
y components.
Select Effective B-H curve |H|eff (SI unit: A/m) to use an effective curve that provides the local linearized relation between the magnetic flux density
B and the magnetic field
H in time-harmonic problems.
Select External material to use a curve that relates magnetic flux density
B and the magnetic field
H as
|H| = f(|B|) according to an externally coded function.
Specify the External material to use (from the
Materials node under
Global Definitions). This setting allows using material models or constitutive relations defined in an external library. See
Working with External Materials for more information.