If so, the no-tangential-stress condition is overridden. An issue with Equation 4-39 or
Equation 4-40 is that it does not strongly enforce unidirectional flow on the boundary. If the prescribed pressure on an outlet is too high, parts of the outlet can actually have inflow. This is not as much of an issue for the Navier-Stokes equations as it is an issue for scalar transport equations solved along with the Navier-Stokes equations. Hence, when applying the
Pressure boundary condition at an outlet or inlet you can further constrain the flow. With the Suppress backflow option
Equation 4-42 effectively means that the prescribed pressure is
p0 if
u⋅n ≥ 0, but smaller at locations where
u⋅n < 0. This means that
Equation 4-42 does not completely prevent backflow, but the backflow is substantially reduced. Backflow is suppressed also when external forces are acting on the fluid, provided the magnitude of these forces are of the same order as the dynamic pressure at the outlet.
See Inlet,
Outlet,
Open Boundary, and
No Viscous Stress for the individual node settings. Note that some modules have additional theory sections describing options available with that module.