) for different types of electric and magnetic modeling. Figure 6 shows the AC/DC interfaces as well as predefined multiphysics combinations of more than one physics interface, some of which require additional modules. 
) is available in 3D geometries. It applies to faces in 3D where it is used to model DC electric current flow confined to thin current-conducting shells of fixed or varying thickness. This physics interface solves a boundary current conservation equation for the electric potential. Modeling ground return current flow in the hull of a ship or in the body of a car are examples of simulations that can be done with this physics interface. It is the same interface as the Electric Currents in Layered Shells interface but with different settings.
) is available in 3D geometries. It applies to faces in 3D where it is used to model DC electric current flow confined to thin current-conducting layered shells of fixed or varying thickness. This physics interface solves a boundary current conservation equation for the electric potential. It is the same interface as the Electric Currents in Shells interface but with different settings.
), solves Laplace’s equation for the scalar electric potential. It is used for computing the potential distribution in dielectrics with constant and isotropic electrical permittivity under conditions where the electric potential distribution on the boundaries is explicitly prescribed. The formulation is based on the boundary element method and the interface is available in 2D and 3D. It can be coupled to the Electrostatics interface to combine the modeling of large open regions (using the boundary element method) and the modeling of complex inhomogeneous and anisotropic dielectrics (using the finite element method).
) solves Faraday’s law for the magnetic H-field. It is used to model mainly AC, and transient magnetodynamics in conducting domains. It is especially suitable for modeling involving nonlinear conductivity effects, for example in superconductors. 
), solves Laplace’s equation for the scalar magnetic potential. It is used to compute magnetostatic fields from permanent magnets and other current free magnetic sources in media with constant and isotropic magnetic permeability. The formulation is based on the boundary element method and the interface is available in 2D and 3D. It can be coupled to the Magnetic Fields, No Currents Interface and the Magnetic Fields Interface to combine the modeling of large open, current free regions (using the boundary element method) and the modeling of complex inhomogeneous and anisotropic magnetic media (using the finite element method).
 AC/DC |
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stationary; stationary source sweep; frequency domain; time dependent; small signal analysis, frequency domain
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stationary; frequency domain; time dependent
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stationary; frequency domain; time dependent
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stationary; frequency domain; time dependent; small signal analysis, frequency domain
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stationary; time dependent; stationary source sweep; eigenfrequency; frequency domain; small signal analysis, frequency domain
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stationary; stationary source sweep; frequency domain; small signal analysis, frequency domain
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3D, 2D, 2D axisymmetric
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stationary; frequency domain; time dependent; small signal analysis, frequency domain; coil geometry analysis (3D only)
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 Heat Transfer |
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 Electromagnetic Heating |
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stationary; time dependent; frequency-transient; small-signal analysis; frequency domain; frequency-stationary; frequency-stationary, one-way coupled, electromagnetic heating; frequency-transient, one-way coupled, electromagnetic heating
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1 This physics interface is included with the core COMSOL package but has added functionality for this module.
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2 This physics interface is a predefined multiphysics coupling that automatically adds all the physics interfaces and coupling features required.
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) is used to model DC, AC, and transient electric current flow in conductive and capacitive media. This physics interface solves a current conservation equation for the electric potential. Some examples of its use are designing busbars for DC current distribution and designing AC capacitors.
) has the equations to model electrical circuits with or without connections to a distributed fields model, solving for the voltages, currents, and charges associated with the circuit elements. Circuit models can contain passive elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors as well as active elements such as diodes and transistors.
) solves a charge conservation equation for the electric potential given the spatial distribution of the electric charge. It is used primarily to model charge conservation in dielectrics under static conditions. This physics interface applies also under transient conditions but then it is usually combined with a separate transport model for single species or multispecies charge transport. Such transport models can be found in the Chemical Reaction Engineering Module and in the Plasma Module. AC simulations are supported and used especially together with the Piezoelectricity interface in the Acoustics Module, Structural Mechanics Module, and MEMS Module. Some typical applications that are simulated in the Electrostatics interface are capacitors, dielectric sensors, and bushings for high voltage DC insulation.
) solves Ampère’s law for the magnetic vector potential. It is used to model magnetostatics, AC, and transient magnetodynamics. Magnets, magnetic actuators, electric motors, transformers, induction based nondestructive testing, and eddy current generation are typical applications for this physics interface. It supports both linear media, media with magnetic saturation and time‑domain hysteresis.
) is used to efficiently model magnetostatics in current free regions, for example, when designing permanent magnet-based devices. It solves a magnetic flux conservation equation for the magnetic scalar potential. This physics interface supports both linear media, media with magnetic saturation and time‑domain hysteresis.
) is used to model magnetostatics and AC magnetodynamics. It solves Ampère’s law for the magnetic vector potential together with a current conservation equation for the electric potential. The application areas are mostly the same as for the Magnetic Fields interface. 
) combines the magnetic fields (magnetic vector potential) and magnetic fields, no currents (scalar magnetic potential) formulations with a selection of predefined frames for prescribed rotation or rotation velocity — it shares most of its features with the Magnetic Fields interface. This physics interface requires that the geometry is created as an assembly from individual parts for the rotor and stator.
) combines all features from the Magnetic Fields interface in the time-harmonic formulation with the Heat Transfer interface to model induction and eddy current heating. The predefined multiphysics couplings add the electromagnetic power dissipation as a heat source, and the electromagnetic material properties can depend on the temperature. This physics interface is based on the assumption that the magnetic cycle time is short compared to the thermal time scale (adiabatic assumption).
) combines all features from the Electric Currents interface with the Heat Transfer interface to model resistive heating and heating due to dielectric losses. The predefined multiphysics couplings add the electromagnetic power dissipation as a heat source, and the electromagnetic material properties can depend on the temperature.