External Stress
You can add the External Stress subnode to several material models, in order to specify an additional stress contribution which is not part of the constitutive relation. The external stress can be added to the total stress tensor, or act only as an extra load contribution.
In many cases External Stress and Initial Stress and Strain are interchangeable when prescribing stresses. In Initial Stress and Strain, the given stress is however always added to the stress tensor.
External Stress
Select a Stress inputStress tensor (Material), Stress tensor (Spatial) or In-plane force.
When Stress tensor (Material) is selected, you enter the external stress in the form of a Second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor. The External stress tensor drop-down list will contain all stress tensors announced by any physics interface, and also the entry User defined. When User defined is selected, you can enter the data for the External stress tensor Sext as Isotropic, Diagonal, or Symmetric depending on the properties of the tensor. The tensor components are interpreted in the selected coordinate system. If a stress tensor announced by a physics interface is selected, the coordinate system setting is ignored — the orientation is handled internally. Choose a Contribution typeAdd to stress tensor or Load contribution only to determine the effect of the contribution. Stress tensor components which are not in the plane of the membrane will be ignored.
When Stress tensor (Spatial) is selected, you enter the external stress in the form of Cauchy stress tensor. The components are interpreted in the selected coordinate system. Depending on the properties of the tensor, you can enter the data for the External stress tensor σext as Isotropic, Diagonal, or Symmetric. Choose a Contribution typeAdd to stress tensor or Load contribution only to determine the effect of the contribution. Stress tensor components which are not in the plane of the membrane will be ignored.
When In-plane force is selected, you enter the external stress in the form of section forces. Specify the initial stress as values or expressions for the In-plane force Next, which has components in the plane of the membrane, along the directions given by the selected local coordinate system. Choose a Contribution typeAdd to stress tensor or Load contribution only to determine the effect of the contribution.
Since all stress tensor representations coincide in a geometrically linear analysis, Stress tensor (Spatial) is needed only in the case of a geometrically nonlinear analysis. The stress tensor is entered using a Cauchy stress tensor representation, and is internally transformed to a Second-Piola stress tensor.
Location in User Interface
Context Menus
Membrane>Linear Elastic Material>External Stress
Membrane>Nonlinear Elastic Material>External Stress
Membrane>Hyperelastic Material>External Stress
Ribbon
Physics tab with Linear Elastic Material, Nonlinear Elastic Material, or Hyperelastic Material node selected in the model tree:
Attributes>External Stress