) and select Discretization. There are two categories of discretization — a section on the physics interface node’s Settings window (described here) and adding a Discretization (Node) for global equation-based modeling.) and select Discretization. There are two categories of discretization — a section on the physics interface node’s Settings window (described here) and adding a Discretization (Node) for global equation-based modeling.
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Additional information is included Shape Functions and Element Types in the COMSOL Multiphysics Programming Reference Manual.
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P1+P1 means linear elements for both the velocity components and the pressure field. Linear elements are computationally cheaper than higher-order elements and are also less prone to introducing spurious oscillations, thereby improving the numerical robustness. In other words, this can be computationally efficient but requires streamline stabilization of the Navier-Stokes equations. This is the default element order for the Laminar Flow and Turbulent Flow single-phase flow interfaces and the discretization of fluids in the multiphase flow interfaces.
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P2+P1 means second-order elements for the velocity components and linear elements for the pressure field. Second-order elements work well for low flow velocities. This is the default element order for the Creeping Flow interface.
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P3+P2 means third-order elements for the velocity components and second-order elements for the pressure field. This can add additional accuracy but it also adds additional degrees of freedom compared to P2+P1 elements.
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The abbreviation PmPn is often used to indicate the polynomial order of, in this case, the shape functions (elements) for the velocity components (m) and the pressure (n) when using tetrahedral or triangular elements. Here a corresponding nomenclature is used for all element shapes.
The theory about this is in P.M. Gresho and R.L. Sani, Incompressible Flow and the Finite Element Method, Volume 2: Isothermal Laminar Flow, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
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The discretization of the temperature field follows that of the fluid’s velocity components, so the temperature order is 1 for P1+P1, 2 for P2+P1, and 3 for P3+P2.
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By default, the general number formatting algorithm for complex-valued numbers in COMSOL Multiphysics ignores small real or imaginary parts. If you want to see also such small real or imaginary parts, open the Preferences dialog box, and under Precision on the General page, clear the Suppress small real or imaginary part check box.
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